LQWiki - User contributions [en]

Linux Mint

2010-05-17T06:08:57Z

Distrohopper: /* Links */

Is still a variant of [[Ubuntu]] with integrated media codecs, it has now developed into one of the most user-friendly distributions on the market - complete with a custom desktop and menus, several unique configuration tools, a web-based package installation interface, and a number of different editions. Perhaps most importantly, this is one project where the developers and users are in constant interaction, resulting in dramatic, user-driven improvements with every new release.

== Architectures Supported ==
i386, x86_64

== Desktop Environments ==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME GNOME], [[KDE]], [[XFCE]], [[LXDE]], [[Fluxbox]]

== Release Cycle ==
Mint's release cycle loosely follows Ubuntu's release schedule but without any strict release dates. In the end this results in a 'more polished' release of something that was only pretty good to begin with.

The GNOME release is what comes out first, followed by x86_64 GNOME and then KDE, followed by the x86_64 KDE release. Efforts are being made to sync all Community editions such as XFCE, LXDE and Fluxbox so they are released more closely together. There has even been talk about un-branding the non-GNOME releases from their 'CE' (Community Edition) tag altogether, making them all official Linux Mint releases. Currently though, the KDE, XFCE, LXDE and Fluxbox editions are still community editions and release later than the official release.

== Mint Software ==
The Mint developers offer more than just a re-release of a refined Ubuntu, they also develop a few user-friendly applications to accompany their releases which help add to the flavor of the distro.

=== Main Menu (formerly MintMenu) ===
Mint menu is a complete menu system which is intended to replace the most commonly used GNOME menu and GNOME custom menus. It is loosely based on something like kickstart for KDE, sporting a super-fast search function and has maturing customization features.

=== Backup Tool (formerly MintBackup) ===
Another matured piece of software which simplifies backup tasks. There is now support for file compression and incremental backups along with a completely new interface which also makes restoring easier too.

=== Update Manager ===
Update manager is a utility to assist in software upgrades. It takes a different approach to upgrading than Ubuntu. Each new upgrade is graded from 1 to 5. 1 being a very safe and tested upgrade and 5 being a very untested and possibly unstable upgrade. By default, the Mint update manager will only show (offer) upgrades graded from 1 to 3. This is an option which can be modified however, allowing the user to perform all upgrades. As a result of this 'safety feature', the 'Mark All Upgrades' option has been removed from Synaptic.

=== Domain Blocker (formerly MintNanny) ===
Is a parental tool used to block unwanted sites from being accessed by a user on the computer. Although something like this could be handled by a firewall, it is much more intuitive and easy to use for average people who want nothing to do with iptables and what not.

=== Upload Manager (formerly MintUpload) ===
Lets you define upload services for FTP, SFTP and SCP servers. Services are then available in the system tray and provide zones where you can drag and drop files for them to be automatically uploaded to their corresponding destinations.

=== Desktop Settings ===
A desktop configuration tool for easy configuration of the Gnome desktop.

== Recent Releases ==
{|cellpadding=4 cellspacing=1
!Mint Version!!Code Name!!LTS!!Ubuntu Equivalent!!End of Life
|-
|align=center|9||Isadora||Yes||10.04 [[Lucid Lynx]]||April 2013
|-
|align=center|8||Helena||No||9.10 [[Karmic Koala]]||April 2011
|-
|align=center|7||Gloria||No||9.04 [[Jaunty Jackalope]]||October 2010
|-
|align=center|6||Felicia||No||8.10 [[Intrepid Ibex]]||April 2010
|-
|align=center|5||Elyssa||No||8.04 [[Hardy Heron]]||April 2011
|}

== Next Release ==
The next Mint release will roughly coincide with the release of Ubuntu (10.10 aka [[Maverick Meerkat]]) in October 2010.

== Links ==
* [http://www.linuxmint.com/ http://www.linuxmint.com/ ] Main Site (portal)
* [http://forums.linuxmint.com/ http://forums.linuxmint.com/ ] Forum
* [http://community.linuxmint.com/ http://community.linuxmint.com/ ] Community Site
[[Category:Distro]]

Linux Mint

2010-05-17T06:08:24Z

Distrohopper:

Is still a variant of [[Ubuntu]] with integrated media codecs, it has now developed into one of the most user-friendly distributions on the market - complete with a custom desktop and menus, several unique configuration tools, a web-based package installation interface, and a number of different editions. Perhaps most importantly, this is one project where the developers and users are in constant interaction, resulting in dramatic, user-driven improvements with every new release.

== Architectures Supported ==
i386, x86_64

== Desktop Environments ==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME GNOME], [[KDE]], [[XFCE]], [[LXDE]], [[Fluxbox]]

== Release Cycle ==
Mint's release cycle loosely follows Ubuntu's release schedule but without any strict release dates. In the end this results in a 'more polished' release of something that was only pretty good to begin with.

The GNOME release is what comes out first, followed by x86_64 GNOME and then KDE, followed by the x86_64 KDE release. Efforts are being made to sync all Community editions such as XFCE, LXDE and Fluxbox so they are released more closely together. There has even been talk about un-branding the non-GNOME releases from their 'CE' (Community Edition) tag altogether, making them all official Linux Mint releases. Currently though, the KDE, XFCE, LXDE and Fluxbox editions are still community editions and release later than the official release.

== Mint Software ==
The Mint developers offer more than just a re-release of a refined Ubuntu, they also develop a few user-friendly applications to accompany their releases which help add to the flavor of the distro.

=== Main Menu (formerly MintMenu) ===
Mint menu is a complete menu system which is intended to replace the most commonly used GNOME menu and GNOME custom menus. It is loosely based on something like kickstart for KDE, sporting a super-fast search function and has maturing customization features.

=== Backup Tool (formerly MintBackup) ===
Another matured piece of software which simplifies backup tasks. There is now support for file compression and incremental backups along with a completely new interface which also makes restoring easier too.

=== Update Manager ===
Update manager is a utility to assist in software upgrades. It takes a different approach to upgrading than Ubuntu. Each new upgrade is graded from 1 to 5. 1 being a very safe and tested upgrade and 5 being a very untested and possibly unstable upgrade. By default, the Mint update manager will only show (offer) upgrades graded from 1 to 3. This is an option which can be modified however, allowing the user to perform all upgrades. As a result of this 'safety feature', the 'Mark All Upgrades' option has been removed from Synaptic.

=== Domain Blocker (formerly MintNanny) ===
Is a parental tool used to block unwanted sites from being accessed by a user on the computer. Although something like this could be handled by a firewall, it is much more intuitive and easy to use for average people who want nothing to do with iptables and what not.

=== Upload Manager (formerly MintUpload) ===
Lets you define upload services for FTP, SFTP and SCP servers. Services are then available in the system tray and provide zones where you can drag and drop files for them to be automatically uploaded to their corresponding destinations.

=== Desktop Settings ===
A desktop configuration tool for easy configuration of the Gnome desktop.

== Recent Releases ==
{|cellpadding=4 cellspacing=1
!Mint Version!!Code Name!!LTS!!Ubuntu Equivalent!!End of Life
|-
|align=center|9||Isadora||Yes||10.04 [[Lucid Lynx]]||April 2013
|-
|align=center|8||Helena||No||9.10 [[Karmic Koala]]||April 2011
|-
|align=center|7||Gloria||No||9.04 [[Jaunty Jackalope]]||October 2010
|-
|align=center|6||Felicia||No||8.10 [[Intrepid Ibex]]||April 2010
|-
|align=center|5||Elyssa||No||8.04 [[Hardy Heron]]||April 2011
|}

== Next Release ==
The next Mint release will roughly coincide with the release of Ubuntu (10.10 aka [[Maverick Meerkat]]) in October 2010.

== Links ==
[http://www.linuxmint.com/ http://www.linuxmint.com/ ] Main Site (portal)
[http://forums.linuxmint.com/ http://forums.linuxmint.com/ ] Forum
[http://community.linuxmint.com/ http://community.linuxmint.com/ ] Community Site
[[Category:Distro]]

Linux Mint

2010-05-17T05:46:15Z

Distrohopper:

Linux Mint

2010-05-17T05:41:12Z

Distrohopper:

Linux Mint

2010-05-17T05:28:09Z

Distrohopper:

Is still a variant of [[Ubuntu]] with integrated media codecs, it has now developed into one of the most user-friendly distributions on the market - complete with a custom desktop and menus, several unique configuration tools, a web-based package installation interface, and a number of different editions. Perhaps most importantly, this is one project where the developers and users are in constant interaction, resulting in dramatic, user-driven improvements with every new release.

== Architectures Supported ==
i386, x86_64

== Desktop Environments ==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME GNOME], [[KDE]], [[XFCE]], [[LXDE]], [[Fluxbox]]

== Release Cycle ==
Mint's release cycle loosely follows Ubuntu's release schedule but without any strict release dates. In the end this results in a 'more polished' release of something that was only pretty good to begin with.

The GNOME release is what comes out first, followed by x86_64 GNOME and then KDE, followed by the x86_64 KDE release. Efforts are being made to sync all Community editions such as XFCE, LXDE and Fluxbox so they are released more closely together. There has even been talk about un-branding the non-GNOME releases from their 'CE' (Community Edition) tag altogether, making them all official Linux Mint releases. Currently though, the KDE, XFCE, LXDE and Fluxbox editions are still community editions and release later than the official release.

== Mint Software ==
The Mint developers offer more than just a re-release of a refined Ubuntu, they also develop a few administrator-friendly applications to accompany their releases which help add to the flavor.

=== Mint Menu ===
Mint menu is a complete menu system which is intended to replace the most commonly used GNOME menu and GNOME custom menus. It is loosely based on something like kickstart for KDE, sporting a super-fast search function and has maturing customization features.

=== Backup Tool ===
Another matured piece of software which simplifies backup tasks. There is now support for file compression and incremental backups along with a completely new interface which also makes restoring easier too.

=== Update Manager ===
Update manager is a utility to assist in software upgrades. It takes a different approach to upgrading than Ubuntu. Each new upgrade is graded from 1 to 5. 1 being a very safe and tested upgrade and 5 being a very untested and possibly unstable upgrade. By default, the Mint update manager will only show (offer) upgrades graded from 1 to 3. This is an option which can be modified however, allowing the user to perform all upgrades. As a result of this 'safety feature', the 'Mark All Upgrades' option has been removed from Synaptic.

=== Domain Blocker ===
Is a parental tool used to block unwanted sites from being accessed by a user on the computer. Although something like this could be handled by a firewall, it is much more intuitive and easy to use for average people who want nothing to do with iptables and what not.

== Recent Releases ==
{|cellpadding=4 cellspacing=1
!Mint Version
!Code Name
!LTS
!Ubuntu Equivalent
!End of Life
|-
|align=center
|9||Isadora||Yes||10.04 [[Lucid Lynx]]||April 2013
|-
|align=center|8||Helena||No||9.10 [[Karmic Koala]]||April 2011
|-
|align=center|7||Gloria||No||9.04 [[Jaunty Jackalope]]||October 2010
|-
|align=center|6||Felicia||No||8.10 [[Intrepid Ibex]]||April 2010
|-
|align=center|5||Felicia||No||8.04 [[Hardy Heron]]||April 2011
|}

Talking to friends online

2010-05-15T22:09:12Z

Distrohopper:

There are a number of ways people can communicate [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/online online] in [http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_computing realtime]. [[IRC]] and [[instant messaging]] [[client]]s are two highly popular mediums for this type of communication. Among these, the the most popular are AOL Instant Messaging system (AIM), Yahoo! Instant Messenger (YIM), ICQ (A cheesy word-play on "I seek you"), Jabber, and Microsoft even has one too (MSN).

= Instant Messaging Clients =
* [[pidgin]] is a Linux application for AIM, IRC, ICQ, Jabber, MSN, Napster, Oscar, TOC, Yahoo, and Zephyr.
* AOL has an [http://www.aim.com/get_aim/linux/latest_linux.adp?aolp= official client], but it is quite ugly looking and not nearly as capable as pidgin.
* [http://www.jabber.org/ Jabber]
* The [http://osafoundation.org/Chandler_Compelling_Vision.htm Chandler] project actually aims to use it for transmitting information between computers.
* [http://amsn.sourceforge.net/ aMSN] is perhaps the best MSN client for Linux. It has almost all the features of the Windows version, and some it doesn't possess. It's rather lightweight and uses the tcl/tk packages.
* [[Kopete]]
* [[Bitlbee]]
* [[Centericq]]...

= IP-telephony =
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skype Skype] (Audio is difficult or impossible to get working with some distros, including Mandriva [http://wiki.mandriva.com/en/2008.1_Errata#No_sound_in_Skype 2008.1] and [http://wiki.mandriva.com/en/2009.0_Errata 2009.0].)

= Voice chat =
* [[teamSpeak]]

= IRC =
* [[Kopete]]
* [[irssi]]
* [[Xchat]]
* [[KVIRC]]
* [[Konversation]]

Linux Mint

2010-05-15T22:04:59Z

Distrohopper:

Is still a variant of [[Ubuntu]] with integrated media codecs, it has now developed into one of the most user-friendly distributions on the market - complete with a custom desktop and menus, several unique configuration tools, a web-based package installation interface, and a number of different editions. Perhaps most importantly, this is one project where the developers and users are in constant interaction, resulting in dramatic, user-driven improvements with every new release.

== Architectures Supported ==
i386, x86_64

== Desktop Environments ==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME GNOME], [[KDE]], [[XFCE]], [[LXDE]], [[Fluxbox]]

== Release Cycle ==
Mint's release cycle loosely follows Ubuntu's release schedule but without any strict release dates. In the end this results in a 'more polished' release of something that was only pretty good to begin with.

The GNOME release is what comes out first, followed by x86_64 GNOME and then KDE, followed by the x86_64 KDE release. Efforts are being made to sync all Community editions such as XFCE, LXDE and Fluxbox so they are released more closely together. There has even been talk about un-branding the non-GNOME releases from their 'CE' (Community Edition) tag altogether, making them all official Linux Mint releases. Currently though, the KDE, XFCE, LXDE and Fluxbox editions are still community editions and release later than the official release.

== Mint Software ==
The Mint developers offer more than just a re-release of a refined Ubuntu, they also develop a few administrator-friendly applications to accompany their releases which help add to the flavor.

=== Mint Menu ===
Mint menu is a complete menu system which is intended to replace the most commonly used GNOME menu and GNOME custom menus. It is loosely based on something like kickstart for KDE, sporting a super-fast search function and has maturing customization features.

=== Backup Tool ===
Another matured piece of software which simplifies backup tasks. There is now support for file compression and incremental backups along with a completely new interface which also makes restoring easier too.

=== Update Manager ===
Update manager is a utility to assist in software upgrades. It takes a different approach to upgrading than Ubuntu. Each new upgrade is graded from 1 to 5. 1 being a very safe and tested upgrade and 5 being a very untested and possibly unstable upgrade. By default, the Mint update manager will only show (offer) upgrades graded from 1 to 3. This is an option which can be modified however, allowing the user to perform all upgrades. As a result of this 'safety feature', the 'Mark All Upgrades' option has been removed from Synaptic.

=== Domain Blocker ===
Is a parental tool used to block unwanted sites from being accessed by a user on the computer. Although something like this could be handled by a firewall, it is much more intuitive and easy to use for average people who want nothing to do with iptables and what not.

== Recent Releases ==
{|cellpadding=4 cellspacing=1
!Mint Version!!Code Name!!LTS!!Ubuntu Equivalent!!End of Life
|-
|align=center|9||Isadora||Yes||10.04 [[Lucid Lynx]]||April 2013
|-
|align=center|8||Helena||No||9.10 [[Karmic Koala]]||April 2011
|-
|align=center|7||Gloria||No||9.04 [[Jaunty Jackalope]]||October 2010
|-
|align=center|6||Felicia||No||8.10 [[Intrepid Ibex]]||April 2010
|-
|align=center|5||Felicia||No||8.04 [[Hardy Heron]]||April 2011
|}

Linux Mint

2010-05-15T21:31:55Z

Distrohopper:

Linux Mint

2010-05-15T21:30:04Z

Distrohopper:

Linux Mint is one of the surprise packages of the past year. Originally launched as a variant of [[Ubuntu]] with integrated media codecs, it has now developed into one of the most user-friendly distributions on the market - complete with a custom desktop and menus, several unique configuration tools, a web-based package installation interface, and a number of different editions. Perhaps most importantly, this is one project where the developers and users are in constant interaction, resulting in dramatic, user-driven improvements with every new release.

== Architectures Supported ==
i386, x86_64

== Desktop Environments ==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME GNOME], [[KDE]], [[XFCE]], [[LXDE]], [[Fluxbox]]

== Release Cycle ==
Mint's release cycle loosely follows Ubuntu's release schedule but without any strict release dates. In the end this results in a 'more polished' release of something that was only pretty good to begin with.

The GNOME release is what comes out first, followed by x86_64 GNOME and then KDE, followed by the x86_64 KDE release. Efforts are being made to sync all Community editions such as XFCE, LXDE and Fluxbox so they are released more closely together. There has even been talk about un-branding the non-GNOME releases from their 'CE' (Community Edition) tag altogether, making them all official Linux Mint releases. Currently though, the KDE, XFCE, LXDE and Fluxbox editions are still community editions and release later than the official release.

== Mint Software ==
The Mint developers offer more than just a re-release of a refined Ubuntu, they also develop a few administrator-friendly applications to accompany their releases which help add to the flavor.

=== Mint Menu ===
Mint menu is a complete menu system which is intended to replace the most commonly used GNOME menu and GNOME custom menus. It is loosely based on something like kickstart for KDE, sporting a super-fast search function and has maturing customization features.

=== Backup Tool ===
Another matured piece of software which simplifies backup tasks. There is now support for file compression and incremental backups along with a completely new interface which also makes restoring easier too.

=== Update Manager ===

=== Domain Blocker ===

== Recent Releases ==
*Linux Mint 9 "Isadora" (LTS) (Based on Ubuntu 10.04 [[Lucid Lynx]])
*Linux Mint 8 "Helena" (Based on Ubuntu 9.10 [[Karmic Koala]])
*Linux Mint 7 "Gloria" (Based on Ubuntu 9.04 [[Jaunty Jackalope]])
*Linux Mint 6 "Felicia" (Based on Ubuntu 8.10 [[Intrepid Ibex]])
*Linux Mint 5 "Elyssa" (LTS) (based on Ubuntu 8.04 [[Hardy Heron]])

Gaming via Wine tools

2009-09-24T02:18:25Z

Distrohopper:

Nowadays, it's possible to run many Windows [[game]]s directly from GNU/Linux. While Linux doesn't support .exe files, there is a solution named [[Wine]].
Wine comes in several flavor, each tailored to specific needs. E.g. geared towards business applications, or gaming.
For gaming you have the choices of [[Wine]]/[[Cedega]]/[[CrossOver Games]].
Wine, Cedega, and CrossOver Games are projects that, in a nutshell, tries to substitute the Windows API's with it's own API's, in such way that the application run inside it, will be fooled into thinking they are running on a Windows machine. For gaming, in many cases DirectX is required to run the software, Luckely for us, Wine (and other based on projects) have made it possible to substitute the DirectX API's for most part (DX7/8/9).

== WINE ==
[[Wine]], (made by [http://www.winehq.org/ WineHQ]), is the project where it all began. It's not solely geared towards gaming, but windows applications in general.

== Cedega ==
[[Cedega]] is a wine based project, made by Transgaming. It's completely geared towards running Windows games on GNU/Linux. Where Wine is free, Cedega (formally known as WineX) is proprietary, and needs a license for utilizing it. The main difference with Wine itself, is that Transgaming added some proprietary code to the Wine base, and therefor exending the functionality. Pricing information can be found [http://www.cedega.com/subscription/subscribe.html here].

== CrossOver Games ==
CrossOver Games is a fairly new product made by [[CodeWeavers]] based on their famous [[CrossOver]] products. CrossOver Games is tailored for gaming, and less for generic applications. They tweaked the Wine project code, for gaming. [[CodeWeavers]] and [[WineHQ]] work very closely. CodeWeavers frequently submits their code back to the original project, while Transgaming does rarely. CrossOver Games is a commercial product, but the license costs are mainly to fund development and provide support.

== Currently supported games ==
Games that have been reported to work on [[Wine]]/[[Cedega]]/CrossOver games include
* Starcraft
* Warcraft III - Reign of Chaos
* Warcraft III - The Frozen Throne
* GTA 3 - Vice City
* Jedi Knight 2 - Jedi Outcast
* Half Life2 and its many modifications, including
** Counter-Strike, and many more.

Note that games coming from [http://www.idsoftware.com ID Software], such as Quake 3 Arena, Return to Castle Wolfenstein and Enemy Territory, run natively on Linux (i.e. without the need for Wine). Unreal Tournament 2004 also runs natively on Linux out-of-the-box.

== System Requirements ==
For 3D games to work on Linux, you must have [[3D graphics acceleration]].

A simple way to determine if your graphic drivers are setup correctly is described in [[Direct RendeRing]]. If they are not correct, you need to [[install]] the drivers from NVIDIA or ATI.

== External Links ==
* [http://www.winehq.org WINE's homepage]
* [http://www.cedega.com Cedega's homepage]
* [http://www.codeweavers.com/products/cxgames/ CrossOver Games homepage]

Linux Mint

2009-09-24T02:15:15Z

Distrohopper:

Linux Mint

2009-09-24T02:07:40Z

Distrohopper: Created page with 'Linux Mint is one of the surprise packages of the past year. Originally launched as a variant of Ubuntu with integrated media codecs, it has now developed into one of the mos...'

Ubuntu Linux

2009-09-24T01:55:22Z

Distrohopper:

'''Ubuntu Linux''' is a free, [[Debian]]-based, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME GNOME] oriented [[distribution]], on a 6-month release cycle. April releases (numbered x.04) are long-term support versions which are considered quite stable. October releases (numbered x.10) are more of a development release which usually includes newer technologies, but is sometimes less stable or user-friendly.

== Recent Releases ==
*8.04 Hardy Heron
*8.10 Intrepid Ibex
*9.04 Jaunty Jackalope
*9.10 Karmic Koala (still in alpha, RC expected in October 2009)

== Architectures Supported ==
i386, x64/AMD/Intel, Netbooks (Intel Atom, etc.)

== Installation ==
You can download Ubuntu from the [http://www.ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu homepage]. The LiveCD version allows you do one of 3 things:
# Test the system directly from the LiveCD without making changes to your system.
# Install the system to a new partition directly from the CD.
# Install the system from inside Windows so it leaves your Windows boot.ini in tact.

== Software Installation ==
Being a debian-based OS, many programs can be installed via [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaptic_Package_Manager Synaptic Package Manager]. New development has also brought forth the upcoming Software Store [http://www.osnews.com/story/22082/Canonical_Unveils_New_Ubuntu_Software_Store] application which will attempt to make packages more easily accessble and basically 'Windowify' the process making it even easier for new users.

== Pros/Cons ==
=== Pros ===
*Very simple to use, great for the new-to-linux person.
*A plethora of community (and officially) supported help and documentation
*Can be beefed up for 'power user' use.
*Has become a mainstream-driver/pusher of open source development.

=== Cons ===
*Forum support is ruled by elitists, can seem unfriendly to new users.
*Ubuntu has been slowly branching away from the 'linux-geek' user-end to a more windows-like environment.
*Development cycles tend to suffer more regressions with each new cycle.

== Derivates ==
=== Official (Canonical Supported) ===
* [[Kubuntu]] - for [[KDE]] users
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edubuntu Edubuntu] - for educational purposes
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flubuntu Flubuntu] - for [[Fluxbox]] users
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geubuntu Geubuntu] - for [[Enlightenment]] users
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xubuntu Xubuntu] - for [[Xfce]] users
=== Unofficial (Not officially supported) ===
* [[Linux Mint]] - A more-polished Ubuntu-based release with it's own software development staff/community.
* [http://crunchbanglinux.org/ #!CrunchBang Linux] - A lightweight system which uses [[Openbox]] and [[LXDE]]. Great for reviving older machines! Super fast and comes with some great tools.

= External links =
* [http://www.ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu official homepage] (www.ubuntu.com)
* [http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ About Ubuntu] (www.ubuntu.com)
* [http://www.osnews.com/story/22082/Canonical_Unveils_New_Ubuntu_Software_Store] Canonical unveils new Ubuntu Software Store (news source)
== Forums,Mailing lists ==
* [http://www.ubuntuforums.org/ Ubuntu forums] (www.ubuntuforums.org)
* [http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/f63 The officially recognized LQ Ubuntu forum] (www.linuxquestions.org)
* [https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-users/ The ubuntu-users mailing list Archives] (lists.ubuntu.com)
== Documentation ==
* [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UserDocumentation Community documentation (wiki)] (help.ubuntu.com)
* [https://help.ubuntu.com/ Official documentation] (help.ubuntu.com)
* [http://www.ubuntugeek.com/ Ubuntu Geek Tutorials and Articles] (Ubuntu Geek)
* [http://www.ubuntuguide.org/ Unofficial Ubuntu 6.10 (Edgy Eft) Starter Guide (wiki)] (www.ubuntuguide.org)
* [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SwitchingToUbuntu/FromWindows Switching To Ubuntu From Windows] (help.ubuntu.com)
* [http://doc.gwos.org/index.php/Main_Page Ubuntu Document Storage Facility] (''doc.gwos.org'')
* [https://help.ubuntu.com/6.10/book/book/ubuntubook-ch3-html/UsingUbuntuontheDesktop.html Using Ubuntu on the Desktop] (help.ubuntu.com)
*: Very well illustrated guide.
* [http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=232059 Helpfull sticky thread] (www.ubuntuforums.org)
* [http://pykeylogger.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Ubuntu:Chronicles Ubuntu:Chronicles] (''pykeylogger.sourceforge.net'')
*: Collected tips and tricks for Ubuntu Dapper 6.06 LTS (wiki)

* [http://www.debianadmin.com Ubuntu/Debian Tutorials and Articles] (www.debianadmin.com)
* IRC, the #ubuntu channel on the server irc.freenode.net

[[Category:Distro]]

Ubuntu Linux

2009-09-24T01:40:04Z

Distrohopper:

'''Ubuntu Linux''' is a free, [[Debian]]-based, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME GNOME] oriented [[distribution]], on a 6-month release cycle. April releases (numbered x.04) are long-term support versions which are considered quite stable. October releases (numbered x.10) are more of a development release which usually includes newer technologies, but is sometimes less stable or user-friendly.

== Recent Releases ==
*8.04 Hardy Heron
*8.10 Intrepid Ibex
*9.04 Jaunty Jackalope
*9.10 Karmic Koala (still in alpha, RC expected in October 2009)

== Architectures Supported ==
i386, x64/AMD/Intel, Netbooks (Intel Atom, etc.)

== Installation ==
You can download Ubuntu from the [http://www.ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu homepage]. The LiveCD version allows you do one of 3 things:
# Test the system directly from the LiveCD without making changes to your system.
# Install the system to a new partition directly from the CD.
# Install the system from inside Windows so it leaves your Windows boot.ini in tact.

== Software Installation ==
Being a debian-based OS, many programs can be installed via [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaptic_Package_Manager Synaptic Package Manager]. New development has also brought forth the upcoming Software Store [http://www.osnews.com/story/22082/Canonical_Unveils_New_Ubuntu_Software_Store] application which will attempt to make packages more easily accessble and basically 'Windowify' the process making it even easier for new users.

== Pros/Cons ==
=== Pros ===
*Very simple to use, great for the new-to-linux person.
*A plethora of community (and officially) supported help and documentation
*Can be beefed up for 'power user' use.
*Has become a mainstream-driver/pusher of open source development.

=== Cons ===
*Forum support is ruled by elitists, can seem unfriendly to new users.
*Ubuntu has been slowly branching away from the 'linux-geek' user-end to a more windows-like environment.
*Development cycles tend to suffer more regressions with each new cycle.

= Derivates =
* [[Kubuntu]] - for [[KDE]] users
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edubuntu Edubuntu] - for educational purposes
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flubuntu Flubuntu] - for [[Fluxbox]] users
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geubuntu Geubuntu] - for [[Enlightenment]] users
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xubuntu Xubuntu] - for [[Xfce]] users

= External links =
* [http://www.ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu official homepage] (www.ubuntu.com)
* [http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ About Ubuntu] (www.ubuntu.com)
* [http://www.osnews.com/story/22082/Canonical_Unveils_New_Ubuntu_Software_Store] Canonical unveils new Ubuntu Software Store (news source)
== Forums,Mailing lists ==
* [http://www.ubuntuforums.org/ Ubuntu forums] (www.ubuntuforums.org)
* [http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/f63 The officially recognized LQ Ubuntu forum] (www.linuxquestions.org)
* [https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-users/ The ubuntu-users mailing list Archives] (lists.ubuntu.com)
== Documentation ==
* [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UserDocumentation Community documentation (wiki)] (help.ubuntu.com)
* [https://help.ubuntu.com/ Official documentation] (help.ubuntu.com)
* [http://www.ubuntugeek.com/ Ubuntu Geek Tutorials and Articles] (Ubuntu Geek)
* [http://www.ubuntuguide.org/ Unofficial Ubuntu 6.10 (Edgy Eft) Starter Guide (wiki)] (www.ubuntuguide.org)
* [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SwitchingToUbuntu/FromWindows Switching To Ubuntu From Windows] (help.ubuntu.com)
* [http://doc.gwos.org/index.php/Main_Page Ubuntu Document Storage Facility] (''doc.gwos.org'')
* [https://help.ubuntu.com/6.10/book/book/ubuntubook-ch3-html/UsingUbuntuontheDesktop.html Using Ubuntu on the Desktop] (help.ubuntu.com)
*: Very well illustrated guide.
* [http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=232059 Helpfull sticky thread] (www.ubuntuforums.org)
* [http://pykeylogger.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Ubuntu:Chronicles Ubuntu:Chronicles] (''pykeylogger.sourceforge.net'')
*: Collected tips and tricks for Ubuntu Dapper 6.06 LTS (wiki)

* [http://www.debianadmin.com Ubuntu/Debian Tutorials and Articles] (www.debianadmin.com)
* IRC, the #ubuntu channel on the server irc.freenode.net

[[Category:Distro]]

GUFW

2009-09-24T01:10:12Z

Distrohopper: Created page with 'Gufw is an easy to use GUI front end for ufw (Ubuntu firewall). It makes common tasks such as allowing or blocking pre-configured port(s) much easier than directly editing y...'

Gufw is an easy to use GUI front end for [[ufw]] (Ubuntu firewall).

It makes common tasks such as allowing or blocking pre-configured port(s) much easier than directly editing your [[iptables]]. Gufw is powered by ufw , runs on Ubuntu, and anywhere else Python, GTK, and Ufw are available.

== External Links ==
*[http://gufw.tuxfamily.org/index.html GUFW Homepage]
*[http://www.ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu homepage]

Palimpsest

2009-09-24T01:03:43Z

Distrohopper: Created page with 'Palimpsest Disk Utility, was created by Red Hat and is a S.M.A.R.T. testing/monitoring tool, showing you the temperature and uptime of the driver, and also a partition management...'

Palimpsest Disk Utility, was created by Red Hat and is a S.M.A.R.T. testing/monitoring tool, showing you the temperature and uptime of the driver, and also a partition management tool that allows you to mark as bootable, delete or label a hard disk partition. Basically, Palimpsest is a graphical interface for all disc-related tasks, from partitioning and file system creation to encryption, raid and lvm.

Command

2009-09-23T18:57:27Z

Distrohopper:

A '''command''', in the most general sense, is an executable file or a [[shell]] [[builtin]]. For example, <tt>[[cd]]</tt>, <tt>[[ls]]</tt>, <tt>[[echo]]</tt> and <tt>[[firefox]]</tt> are commands.

'''''Note:''' details of commands vary from version to version and available commands vary from [[distribution]] to distribution.''

= General notes on commands =
Commands may be invoked as ''simple'' commands.
''In these examples, the '''$''' that starts each line is a [[shell prompt]] and not meant to be typed''
$ ls
Or they may be invoked as ''complex'' commands.
$ ls -l /bin
Here "-l /bin" are a pair of '''arguments''' (separated from each other and the command by [[whitespace]]) and "-l" is specifically an '''option''', since it modifies the behavior of ls (it produces a '''l'''ong listing), while "/bin" simply specifies a target for <tt>ls</tt> to act on.

They may also be invoked in multiples where the semi-colon is a '''command separator'''.
$ cd /bin; ls
That's two commands on one line. You may also execute one long command on two lines by escaping the carriage return with a backslash. (See [[shell script|scripting]] for further details on [[metacharacter]]s and escaping and quoting.)
$ cd really long command line \
that we would like to finish here
Another way to invoke multiple commands is conditionally, where (in [[bash]]) "&&" means to execute the second command only if the first returns with an exit code of 0 (i.e., it succeeds).
$ cd /bin && ls
With the semicolon command separator, had the change of directory failed, <tt>ls</tt> would still have been invoked and simply listed the contents of the current directory. With the conditional operator, <tt>ls</tt> would not be invoked if <tt>cd</tt> had failed.

Similarly, "||" means to execute the second command only if the first returns a non-zero exit code (i.e., it fails).
$ cd /bing [[Redirect |2>]]/dev/null || echo 'I kinna do it, Cap'\<nowiki>''</nowiki>n!'
This will <tt>cd</tt> to the directory named "bing" if it in fact exists and the command will exit. Since it probably doesn't, being a typo, the second command will execute and print a somewhat more entertaining error message than is usual.

= Learning about commands with local documentation =

A Linux system should have [[documentation]] in the form of [[man pages]] and possibly [[GNU]] [[info]] pages (see also [[texinfo]]). In a manner similar to this page's alphabetical list, if you know the command you wish to learn more about,
$ man ''command''
will show you the manual page of ''command''.

If you do not know the command but would like to see commands relevant to a topic, use
$ [[apropos]] ''subject''
or
$ man -k ''subject''
to find suitable commands.

Unfortunately, most man pages will be informative and complete, many GNU utilities distribute very sketchy man pages whose primary purpose is to redirect the user to the info system. In that case,

$ info ''command''

will invoke that system of documentation.

Many commands have an "-h", "-H", "-help", "--help" option or some combination thereof. Unfortunately, some commands understand other things by "-h" or "-H" so unexpected and possibly unpleasant results may occur.

There are also extensive miscellaneous files usually found in /usr/doc, /usr/local/doc, /usr/src/linux/Documentation (kernel docs), and elsewhere.

= Lists of commands =

In our [[:Category:Command|Category Command]] you will find all commands in this wiki, but without explanation. The next chapter lists the most relevant ones with a short explanation so you can decide if the respective command is right for you. If you add to this list, your contribution should be didactic, understandable for newcomers, focused on the "real world" and contain sensible examples.

== By name ==
This is a list of [[command]]s that gives you just enough information to decide what command you want to use.

=== A ===
* [[alias]] - allows you to create shorter or more familiar names for commonly used commands
* [[apropos]] - search the manual page names and descriptions
* [[at]] - execute a command-line task at a specified future time
* [[awk]] - print only the n<sup>th</sup> word of an input line and more

=== B ===
* [[badblocks]] - a [[command]] disk utility
* [[bash]] - a [[shell]]
* [[beep]] - customized audible alerts
* [[blkid]] - locate/print [[block device]] attributes
* [[bunzip2]] - [[unpack]] [[file]]s [[pack]]ed with [[bzip2]]
* [[bzip2]] - a [[pack]] utility

=== C ===
* [[cat]] - receive strings from [[stdin]] or a [[file]] and output them to [[stdout]] or a [[file]]
* [[chgrp]] - change the group ownership of a file
* [[chmod]] - change the permission mode of a [[file]]
* [[chown]] - change the owner of a [[file]]
* [[chroot]] - change the position of a root directory in filesystem
* [[chsh]] - change the shell of a [[user]]
* [[cp]] - copy a [[file]]
* [[cpio]] - [[pack]] or unpack [[files]] in cpio archives or [[tarballs]]
* [[cron]] - [[schedule tasks]] to be executed regularly at a specific [[time]]
* [[crontab]] - control the cron service
* [[cut]] - display specific coloumns of a file delimited by a character
* [[cvs]] - a version management system

=== D ===
* [[date]] - output or set date and time
* [[dd]] - dump a disk to/from a [[file]] and more
* [[df]] - show how much free disk space there is
* [[diff]] - show the difference between two files and more
* [[dig]] - show answer of DNS lookup of queried name server
* [[disown]] - disowns a job (removes the pid of the job). Even when the shell exits, the job won't stop running
* [[du]] - show how much disc space is used up

=== E ===
* [[echo]] - echo a string/value to [[stdout]]
* [[env]] - show all [[environment variable]]s
* [[exit]] - exit most [[shell]]s
* [[export]] - set an [[environment variable]] in the [[bash]] or [[zsh]]

=== F ===
* [[fdisk]] - [[partition]] a disc
* [[fg]] - fetch a [[process]] from the [[background]] to the foreground
* [[file (command)]] - determine a [[file]]'s type
* [[find]] - find a file depending on its name, size, change date or other attributes
* [[ftp]] - get files from the internet

=== G ===
* [[g++]] - compile [[C++]] code
* [[gcc]] - compile [[C]] code
* [[grep]] - grab for patterns in a [[file]] and more
* [[groups]] - show what groups your user is in
* [[gzip|gunzip]] - [[unpack]] [[file]]s from a special format
* [[gzip]] - [[pack]] [[files]] in a special format

=== H ===
* [[halt]] - shut down your computer
* [[head]] - show only the first n lines of a [[file]] and more
* [[hexdump]] - show a [[file]]'s content in hexadecimal numbers and more
* [[history (command)]] - show a [[command]] history in the [[bash]] [[shell]]
* [[hostname]] - show your computer's name
* [[hwinfo]] - show your available [[hardware]]

=== I ===
* [[id]] - show your user and groups ids
* [[ifconfig]] - show your ip address and more
* [[info]] - show info about a given command
* [[init]] - reboot or change runlevel
* [[iptables]] - show your [[firewall]] configuration
* [[iptraf]] - Interactive IP LAN monitor

=== J ===
* [[jobs]] - gives a list of current [[background]] jobs ([[process]]es)

=== K ===
* [[kill]] - kill a [[process]]
* [[killall]] - kill all processes with a given name

=== L ===
* [[ldd]] - show dynamic libraries needed by an executable
* [[less]] - show output in a viewer where you can scroll and search
* [[ln]] - link a file
* [[ls]] - list a file
* [[lshw]] - list installed hardware and information
* [[lsmod]] - list loaded kernel modules
* [[lsof]] - list open files and listening sockets
* [[lspci]] - list all pci devices
* [[lsusb]] - list usb devices

=== M ===
* [[make]] - [[compile]] [[software]] and more
* [[man]] - get help on questions that you never wanted to ask
* [[md5sum]] - compute the md5 sum of a [[file]] and more
* [[mkdir]] - make a [[directory]]
* [[mkfs]] - format a [[device]]
* [[minicom]] - communicate over your RS232 interface
* [[more]] - show input in a searchable pager
* [[mount]] - prepare a [[device]] for [[read]]ing and writing
* [[mv]] - move a file (can also be renaming)

=== N ===
* [[netcat]] - Send some bytes to the [[network]]
* [[netstat]] - get information on listening [[socket]]s, open [[port]]s and [[more]]
* [[nice]] - set a [[process]]' priority
* [[nm]] - list the names of functions in an object file
* [[nmap]] - [[network]] and [[port]] scanner tool

=== O ===
* [[objdump]] - show information about [[object]] [[file]]s
* [[openssl]] - create cryptographic [[server]] certificates and more

=== P ===
* [[passwd]] - change your and other's password
* [[ping]] - show if a given computer is up and running
* [[ps]] - show running [[process]]es
* [[pwd]] - show your current working [[directory]]

=== Q ===
* [[quota]] - manage how much resources the user is allowed to consume

=== R ===
* [[rar]] - rar files/directories
* [[read]] - read a string from your [[keyboard]] and more
* [[reboot]] - reboot the computer
* [[rename]] - rename a [[file]]
* [[rm]] - delete a [[file]]
* [[route]] - manage your network routing table
* [[rpm]] - a [[package management]] [[backend]] for [[Redhat]] and [[Fedora]]
* [[rsync]] - synchronize your folders over the [[network]]

=== S ===
* [[scp]] - ([[secure]] copy) over a [[network]]
* [[screen]] - a terminal multiplexer
* [[sed]] - manipulate a stream of characters (scripting language)
* [[setenv]] - change the value of an [[environment variable]] in the [[csh]]
* [[shuf]] - generate random permutations
* [[shutdown]] - shutdowns/reboots the system
* [[sleep]] - wait/delay some time
* [[ssh]] - login into / execute [[commands]] in a remote [[host]]
* [[su]] - change user
* [[sudo]] - execute the command as another user (usually root- /etc/sudoers)

=== T ===
* [[tail]] - show only the last ''n'' lines of a [[file]] and more
* [[tar]] - [[pack]] [[file]]s in a special format
* [[tcpdump]] - dump the tcp network traffic
* [[tee]] - multiplex [[cli]] output
* [[time]] - show the time needed by a command to finish
* [[top]] - show the top CPU consuming processes and more
* [[touch]] - create a file or update its time stamp
* [[traceroute]] - show the route a [[package]] takes over the [[network]]
* [[tac]] - print the [[file]] in reverse. (opposite of cat) (cat X tac)

=== U ===
* [[ulimit]] - show the limits of your user
* [[umount]] - unmount a [[device]] (Often requires sudo permissions)
* [[uname]] - show the running kernel's version and more
* [[uniq]] - remove repeated lines in a sorted file
* [[unzip]] - [[unpack]] files
* [[uptime]] - show the time since your computer was last switched on
* [[useradd]] - add a user
* [[userdel]] - delete a user
* [[usermod]] - modify a user

=== V ===
* [[Vgcreate]] - create [[lvm]] volume groups
* [[Vgdisplay]] - display [[lvm]] volume groups
* [[Vgs]] - show information about [[lvm]] volume groups
* [[Vgscan]] - scan for [[lvm]] volume groups
* [[vim]] - its not a text editor like Notepad, it is an [[IDE]]
* [[Vmstat]] - show input/output values, [[swap]], [[memory]] consumption and more

=== W ===
* [[w]] - print who is logged in to your system
* [[wc]] - [[word count]] (word,line,char)
* [[which]] - print the path where you find an executable [[file]]
* [[whoami]] - print your effective user name

=== X ===
* [[xargs]] - hand over [[stdin]] as a parameter
* [[xev]] - show information about your keystrokes and more
* [[xkill]] - kill a window that is in your way
* [[xosview]] - show [[CPU]]/[[memory]]/[[hard Drive]] activity and [[more]]

=== Y ===
* [[yacc]] - A [[C]] parser generator
* [[yes]] - repeatedly output a string
* [[yum]] - a [[package management]] [[frontend]] for [[Redhat]] & [[Fedora]]
* [[yast]] - a [[package management]] [[frontend]] for [[SUSE]]

=== Z ===
* [[zip]] - [[pack]] a [[file]]

== By category ==
* [[Cryptography Commands]]
* [[Directory Commands]]
* [[Disk and Tape Drive Commands]]
* [[File Commands]]
* [[Internet and Network Commands]]
* [[Kernel-commands]]
* [[Managing Sessions]]
* [[Packing and Unpacking files]]
* [[Programming-related Commands]]
* [[Scripting]]
* [[Shells]]
* [[System Information]]
* [[Startup/Shutdown Commands]]
* [[Text Viewing and Processing Tools]]
* [[User Commands]]

= External links =
* [http://www.debianhelp.co.uk/commands.htm Complete Basic Linux Commands List] (''www.debianhelp.co.uk'')
* [http://www.debianadmin.com/basic-linux-commands-with-man-pages.html Complete List of Linux Commands With man pages] (''www.debianadmin.com'')
* [http://man-wiki.net/ Linux Man Pages Online] (''man-wiki.net'')
* [http://www.examplenow.com Searchable Linux command examples] (''http://www.examplenow.com'')