LQWiki - User contributions [en]

PowerPC

2007-05-02T15:46:54Z

PenguinOfWonder: Started the page, someone else needs to finish it though

== PowerPC ==
PowerPC is a computer processor architecture developed by IBM. It was used in Mac G3s along with the original Xbox, Gamecube, and the Nintendo Wii.

Make.conf

2007-02-21T03:22:53Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPS */

==Make.conf==
Your make.conf file located in /etc/make.conf is file used by [[portage]] as its primary source of information on how to setup your system. If your not running [[Gentoo]] you don't have a make.conf file so you can move on. Within your make.conf file you will find a host of options that will determine what and how your system will function.

==Standard Fields==
===CFLAGS===
These flags tell the compiler what type of system you are using along with any optimizations you would like to include. For example a typical AMD64 setup may look like so: 
:CFLAGS="-march=athlon64 -O2 -pipe"

===CHOST===
This variable is set during install and should only be edited if you know what you are doing. It tells the computer what architecture you are running. 
:CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"

===CXXFLAGS===
This variable is generally set to mirror your CFLAGS setting, but can be set differently, again, if you know what you are doing. 
:CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"

===MAKEOPTS===
This option tells the complier how many simultaneous threads it can compile at one time. Thus it usually set at your processor plus one. So for a single core processor: 
:MAKEOPTS="-j2"

===GENTOO_MIRROS===
This setting tells [[portage]] which servers it can search for the programs you wish to install.

===SYNC===
This option tells [[portage]] which server to use in order to sync itself. After syncing [[portage]] will then know what the latest version of each file is and have an update collection of ebuilds to build packages with.

===USE===
This is the variable for which [[Gentoo]] is famous. Here you tell what settings you like to take effect system wide. For a fresh install which will eventually use Gnome, a good example would be: 
:USE="gtk gnome X alsa cdr dvd"

===VIDEO_CARDS===
This variable is used by [[portage]] so when emerging X it knows which drivers to pull in. If you had an nVidia card for example: 
:VIDEO_CARDS="nvidia"

===INPUT_DEVICES===
This variable again is used by [[portage]] in order to know which packages it needs to pull in while emerge X. A typical setup would look like:
:INPUT_DEVICES="keyboard mouse"

==Non-Standard Fields==
The above list only included options that standard to every make.conf file. There are naturally other options that you can include in your make.conf to further refine your system.

===FEATURES===
The variable allows you to enable and disable various features of [[portage]] that are not enabled or disabled by default.
:FEATURES="sandbox ccache"

===EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPS===
This option allows you to set which options you would want [[portage]] to always use when issuing a command. For example if you want [[portage]] to always run in verbose mode:
:EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS="--verbose"

Make.conf

2007-02-21T03:22:32Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* FEATURES */

==Make.conf==
Your make.conf file located in /etc/make.conf is file used by [[portage]] as its primary source of information on how to setup your system. If your not running [[Gentoo]] you don't have a make.conf file so you can move on. Within your make.conf file you will find a host of options that will determine what and how your system will function.

==Standard Fields==
===CFLAGS===
These flags tell the compiler what type of system you are using along with any optimizations you would like to include. For example a typical AMD64 setup may look like so: 
:CFLAGS="-march=athlon64 -O2 -pipe"

===CHOST===
This variable is set during install and should only be edited if you know what you are doing. It tells the computer what architecture you are running. 
:CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"

===CXXFLAGS===
This variable is generally set to mirror your CFLAGS setting, but can be set differently, again, if you know what you are doing. 
:CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"

===MAKEOPTS===
This option tells the complier how many simultaneous threads it can compile at one time. Thus it usually set at your processor plus one. So for a single core processor: 
:MAKEOPTS="-j2"

===GENTOO_MIRROS===
This setting tells [[portage]] which servers it can search for the programs you wish to install.

===SYNC===
This option tells [[portage]] which server to use in order to sync itself. After syncing [[portage]] will then know what the latest version of each file is and have an update collection of ebuilds to build packages with.

===USE===
This is the variable for which [[Gentoo]] is famous. Here you tell what settings you like to take effect system wide. For a fresh install which will eventually use Gnome, a good example would be: 
:USE="gtk gnome X alsa cdr dvd"

===VIDEO_CARDS===
This variable is used by [[portage]] so when emerging X it knows which drivers to pull in. If you had an nVidia card for example: 
:VIDEO_CARDS="nvidia"

===INPUT_DEVICES===
This variable again is used by [[portage]] in order to know which packages it needs to pull in while emerge X. A typical setup would look like:
:INPUT_DEVICES="keyboard mouse"

==Non-Standard Fields==
The above list only included options that standard to every make.conf file. There are naturally other options that you can include in your make.conf to further refine your system.

===FEATURES===
The variable allows you to enable and disable various features of [[portage]] that are not enabled or disabled by default.
:FEATURES="sandbox ccache"

===EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPS===
This option allows you to set which options you would [[portage]] to always use when issuing a command. For example if you want [[portage]] to always run in verbose mode:
 EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS="--verbose"

Make.conf

2007-02-21T03:22:08Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* INPUT_DEVICES */

==Make.conf==
Your make.conf file located in /etc/make.conf is file used by [[portage]] as its primary source of information on how to setup your system. If your not running [[Gentoo]] you don't have a make.conf file so you can move on. Within your make.conf file you will find a host of options that will determine what and how your system will function.

==Standard Fields==
===CFLAGS===
These flags tell the compiler what type of system you are using along with any optimizations you would like to include. For example a typical AMD64 setup may look like so: 
:CFLAGS="-march=athlon64 -O2 -pipe"

===CHOST===
This variable is set during install and should only be edited if you know what you are doing. It tells the computer what architecture you are running. 
:CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"

===CXXFLAGS===
This variable is generally set to mirror your CFLAGS setting, but can be set differently, again, if you know what you are doing. 
:CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"

===MAKEOPTS===
This option tells the complier how many simultaneous threads it can compile at one time. Thus it usually set at your processor plus one. So for a single core processor: 
:MAKEOPTS="-j2"

===GENTOO_MIRROS===
This setting tells [[portage]] which servers it can search for the programs you wish to install.

===SYNC===
This option tells [[portage]] which server to use in order to sync itself. After syncing [[portage]] will then know what the latest version of each file is and have an update collection of ebuilds to build packages with.

===USE===
This is the variable for which [[Gentoo]] is famous. Here you tell what settings you like to take effect system wide. For a fresh install which will eventually use Gnome, a good example would be: 
:USE="gtk gnome X alsa cdr dvd"

===VIDEO_CARDS===
This variable is used by [[portage]] so when emerging X it knows which drivers to pull in. If you had an nVidia card for example: 
:VIDEO_CARDS="nvidia"

===INPUT_DEVICES===
This variable again is used by [[portage]] in order to know which packages it needs to pull in while emerge X. A typical setup would look like:
:INPUT_DEVICES="keyboard mouse"

==Non-Standard Fields==
The above list only included options that standard to every make.conf file. There are naturally other options that you can include in your make.conf to further refine your system.

===FEATURES===
The variable allows you to enable and disable various features of [[portage]] that are not enabled or disabled by default.
 FEATURES="sandbox ccache"

===EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPS===
This option allows you to set which options you would [[portage]] to always use when issuing a command. For example if you want [[portage]] to always run in verbose mode:
 EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS="--verbose"

Gentoo

2007-02-08T18:21:37Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* External links */ added larrythecow.org

http://www.gentoo.org/images/powered-small.png

'''Gentoo''' is a special flavor of [[Linux]] that can be automatically optimized and customized for just about any application or need. Extreme performance, configurability, and a top-notch user and developer community are all hallmarks of the Gentoo experience. 'The word ''"gentoo"'' is the name for a species of penguins [http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/Peter_and_Barbara_Barham/gentoo.htm].'

Thanks to a technology called [[Portage]], Gentoo Linux can become an ideal secure server, development workstation, professional desktop, gaming system, embedded solution or whatever you need it to be. Because of its near-unlimited adaptability, Gentoo Linux is called a [[metadistribution]].

Portage is the heart of Gentoo Linux, and performs many key functions. Your local Portage tree contains a complete collection of scripts that can be used by Portage to compile and install the latest Gentoo packages. Currently, there are over 6000 packages in the Portage tree, with new ones being added all the time. Installing a new application is as easy as:

:<tt># [[emerge]] packagename</tt>

The application will then be downloaded and automatically [[Compilation_From_Source|compiled from source]], with compile-time options selected according to preferences you set during installation in your [[make.conf]] file, (i.e. with or without support for [[X]], [[PNG]]s, [[JPEG]]s, [[Gnome]], etc). N.B - Portage will automatically cater for any dependencies when installing software.

[[Daniel Robbins]] is Gentoo's chief architect. You can read his philosophy of Gentoo Linux [http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/philosophy.xml here].

== Gentoo help resources ==
If you are looking for help on Gentoo Linux, the Gentoo forums[http://forums.gentoo.org] are an excellent resource and are full of both friendly and knowledgeable people. The IRC room at irc.freenode.net called #gentoo is also a place to find community around Gentoo. Before checking either of those, visit the Gentoo documentation site[http://www.gentoo.org/doc], where many high-quality documents have been published on common and not-so-common issues.

== Break my gentoo ==
Even though Gentoo is a bleeding edge distro, there are some packages that are not installable immediately. Check out http://www.breakmygentoo.net/ for all the latest portage files to install the latest software.

== Gentoo server project wiki ==
The Gentoo Server Project Wiki is located at http://www.subverted.net/wakka. The Gentoo Server Project has [[mission-critical reliability]] as it's goal, but mostly serves as glue for the official Gentoo documentation.
Includes [[case studies]] and articles.

==Installing Masked Packages==
Some packages in the portage tree are "masked" i.e. marked as unstable, and cannot be installed on a default system. To emerge a masked package (or a masked version of one) prefix the emerge command as follows <code>ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="~x86" emerge package</code> (replace x86 with your architecture). A slightly shorter way is to create a script called <code>/usr/sbin/expmerge</code>, with the following contents:
<pre>#!/bin/sh
ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="~x86" emerge $*</pre>
Then after marking as executable (<code>chown root:root /usr/sbin/expmerge && chmod ug+wrx /usr/sbin/expmerge</code>) just <code>expmerge package</code>.
Mixing unstable with stable packages can lead to problems, so it's recommended you pick one type and use it all the time. This is more important for libraries rather then programs. To use masked packages for the entire system add to /etc/make.conf (''Note: This is an unsupported method and should not be used.''): 
 <code>ACCEPT_KEYOWORDS="~x86"</code> 
 
Another technique is to create the file /etc/portage/package.keywords and add the packages that you want to always use the unstable version, for example: 

<code>media-video/nvidia-kernel ~x86
media-video/nvidia-glx ~x86
x11-base/opengl-update ~x86
media-sound/beep-media-player ~x86
x11-misc/transset ~x86</code>
To easily add new items to this file simply:
 <code>echo "app-editors/vim ~x86" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords</code> 

Then when you upgrade these packages will remain ~x86 

==See also==
*[[Installing Slackware and Gentoo]]
*[[Gentoo and distcc]]
*[[Gentoo tips & tricks]]

==External links==
*[http://www.gentoo.org/ Gentoo homepage] (''www.gentoo.org'')
*[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/hpc-howto.xml Gentoo High Performance] (''www.gentoo.org'')
*[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/list.xml Gentoo Docs] (''www.gentoo.org'')
*[http://www.debianadmin.com/gentoo-live-cd-screenshots.html Gentoo Live CD Screenshots Tour] (''www.debianadmin.com'')
*[http://larrythecow.org/ A feed of Gentoo user/dev blogs] (''larrythecow.org'')
*[http://larrythecow.com Larry the Cow -- Gentoo Community Portal] (''larrythecow.com'')
*: a large directory of Gentoo related websites.
*[http://forums.gentoo.org/ Forums] (''forums.gentoo.org'')
*[http://gentoo-portage.com Gentoo-Portage Package DB] (''gentoo-portage.com'')
*[http://gentoo-wiki.com Gentoo Wiki] (''gentoo-wiki.com'')
*[http://breakmygentoo.net BreakMyGentoo] (''breakmygentoo.net'')
*[http://distrocenter.linux.com/article.pl?sid=04/09/10/2148249&tid=108&tid=104 Gentoo 2004.2 review] (''distrocenter.linux.com'')
*[http://planet.gentoo.org/ Planet Gentoo] (''planet.gentoo.org'')

[[Category:Distro]]

Gentoo and distcc

2007-02-08T18:17:09Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* Using with Paludis */ added notice

[[Gentoo]] can take advantage of [[distcc]] to speed up [[compilation]] of packages by sharing compilation accross many machines also running distcc.

==Installation of distcc==
Start by installing distcc using the command 
<code>emerge -av distcc</code>

==Editing /etc/make.conf==
Add distcc to the ''FEATURES'' flag in /etc/make.conf, for example: 
:FEATURES="distcc"

Also the ''MAKEOPTS'' setting should be tweaked, for example: 
:MAKEOPTS="-jX"

Where ''X'' is typically twice the number of [[CPU]]s, hence twice the number of machines you plan to run distcc on unless you are using machines with more than one CPU. (NOTE: leave anyother options present in ''MAKEOPTS'')

==Using with Paludis==
If you'd like [[Paludis]] to take advantage of distcc then add the following lines to your /etc/paludis/bashrc file making sure to change the host names: 

:export DISTCC_DIR="/var/tmp/paludis/.distcc"
:export PATH="/usr/lib/distcc/bin:${PATH}"
:export CC="/usr/lib/distcc/bin/gcc"
:export CXX="/usr/lib/distcc/bin/g++"
:export DISTCC_HOSTS="localhost another_host"

==Adding distcc hosts==
To add the distcc servers to the list of machines participating in the build: 
<code>distcc-config --add-hosts "foo"</code>

foo can be a list of ip addresses and/or hostnames which are running distcc. Also if the machine your running is to participate in the build then add ''localhost'' to the list of machines.

==Security==
You should edit the file ''/etc/conf.d/distcc'' to only allow the configured distcc servers for security reasons.

==Starting distcc==
Add distcc to the default runlevel on each gentoo machine so when you boot the service is available: 
<code>rc-update add distccd default</code>
and start with the command: 
<code>/etc/init.d/distccd start</code>

==See Also==
*[[Distcc]]
*[[Gentoo]]

Gentoo and distcc

2007-02-08T18:16:01Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* Editing /etc/make.conf */ added howto for paludis

[[Gentoo]] can take advantage of [[distcc]] to speed up [[compilation]] of packages by sharing compilation accross many machines also running distcc.

==Installation of distcc==
Start by installing distcc using the command 
<code>emerge -av distcc</code>

==Editing /etc/make.conf==
Add distcc to the ''FEATURES'' flag in /etc/make.conf, for example: 
:FEATURES="distcc"

Also the ''MAKEOPTS'' setting should be tweaked, for example: 
:MAKEOPTS="-jX"

Where ''X'' is typically twice the number of [[CPU]]s, hence twice the number of machines you plan to run distcc on unless you are using machines with more than one CPU. (NOTE: leave anyother options present in ''MAKEOPTS'')

==Using with Paludis==
If you'd like [[Paludis]] to take advantage of distcc then add the following lines to your /etc/paludis/bashrc file: 

:export DISTCC_DIR="/var/tmp/paludis/.distcc"
:export PATH="/usr/lib/distcc/bin:${PATH}"
:export CC="/usr/lib/distcc/bin/gcc"
:export CXX="/usr/lib/distcc/bin/g++"
:export DISTCC_HOSTS="localhost another_host"

==Adding distcc hosts==
To add the distcc servers to the list of machines participating in the build: 
<code>distcc-config --add-hosts "foo"</code>

foo can be a list of ip addresses and/or hostnames which are running distcc. Also if the machine your running is to participate in the build then add ''localhost'' to the list of machines.

==Security==
You should edit the file ''/etc/conf.d/distcc'' to only allow the configured distcc servers for security reasons.

==Starting distcc==
Add distcc to the default runlevel on each gentoo machine so when you boot the service is available: 
<code>rc-update add distccd default</code>
and start with the command: 
<code>/etc/init.d/distccd start</code>

==See Also==
*[[Distcc]]
*[[Gentoo]]

Revision control

2007-02-06T18:29:47Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* See also */ added git

When you periodically update a file, ocassionally you find that -- somewhere along the line -- you broke something. It's at these moments that you wish you could go back to previous versions of said file, looking for where you (or someone else) made the mistake. That's what revision control systems are for. You archive a file into a repository of some sort, and then check-out/revise/check-in the file as necessary.

The alternative is to repeatedly [[gzip]] and store your files, and hope that you don't get confused or take up too much storage space.

==See also==
*[[GNU Arch]]
*[[Subversion]]
*[[CVS]]
*[[RCS]]
*[[Git]]

==External links==
*[http://dwheeler.com/essays/scm.html Comments on OSS/FS Software Configuration Management (SCM) Systems] (''dwheeler.com'')

Slackware

2007-02-06T18:22:05Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* Derived distributions */

'''Slackware''' is the oldest active Linux [[distribution]], having begun life as a much improved variant of [[SLS]] (Soft Landing System) in 1993 and was perhaps the first distro to really put itself on the map. After that, [[Red Hat]] and [[Debian]] and other distributions followed. Slackware is primarily the work of [[Patrick J. Volkerding]].

Of note, Slackware's recent version 10.2 (and upcoming 11.0, as of September 2006) is currently enjoying the reputation of being the highest-rated Linux distro at the LQ Distribution Review section. Over a dozen Linux distro reviewers have given it a mean score of 9.6 out of a possible perfect score of 10.
Slackware has continued to have a mixed reputation, being seen as pure, genuine, simple and a great distro to learn Linux on, or possibly also as old-fashioned, unfriendly, and difficult for newbies. Slackware software packages tend to be modified as little as possible for inclusion into the distribution. The software you get is pretty much as the developer made it (rather than it being patched in various ways to work with a given distro's idiosyncrasies).

Although it is as graphical as any distro, Slackware places an emphasis on the [[command line]] and text file configuration. While it has very straightforward [[Installing Software|package management]] tools used by the majority of system admins, Slackware encourages advanced users to compile program sources into binaries by its providing well-stocked libraries, a complete suite of development tools, and everything in its place.

The installer is text-based, unlike the vast majority of graphical installers which themselves can place demands upon available system resources. Slackware's 'setup' installer is relatively straightforward and simple. [[LILO]] is the default loader, as opposed to the newer [[GRUB]]. Although partitioning is left to be performed by the user, done with either [[fdisk]] or [[cfdisk]], Patrick J. Volkerding provides a great deal of straightforward user assistance on the install media itself for partitioning and the other first installation steps. The default runlevel defined in /etc/inittab is 3, which boots to a console login which leads to a [[bash]] prompt. The startup configuration is defined by relatively clear and straightforward [[BSD]]-style init scripts, as opposed to [[SysV]]. Most of the few Slackware-specific tools are bash scripts. The default /etc/skel contains only a '.screenrc'. An easily manageable and wide array of packages are included with Slackware -- it has only expanded beyond a single CD of binaries with Slackware release 9.1, 10.0, 10.1, and 10.2, now having two CD's, while many distros include 3, 4, 7 or more. The packages included are generally well-tested and reasonably secure. The result is a fast, lean, stable system.

Slackware has several helpful IRC channels. There is #slackware on OFTC (irc.oftc.net), ##slackware on Freenode (irc.freenode.org) and #slackware on EFNet (irc.efnet.net).

==Derived distributions==

*[http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=zenwalk Zenwalk] (''distrowatch.com'')
*: Zenwalk Linux is a Slackware-based single-cd distribution which focuses on providing an efficient set of development, multimedia and Internet applications and tools.
*[[SLAX]] is a [[Live CD]] based on Slackware.
*[[CollegeLinux]]
*[[DARKSTAR Linux]] - Aims to be a desktop, gaming, and multimedia system for novice users.
*[http://goblinx.com.br/ GoblinX] (''goblinx.com.br'')
*: [[Live CD]] with standardized themes targeted at novice users.
*[http://ktown.kde.org/~binner/klax/ Klax] (''ktown.kde.org'')
*: [[Live CD]] based on [[SLAX]].
*[http://www.mutagenix.org/ Mutagenix] (''www.mutagenix.org'')
*: rescue and Freerock Gnome [[Live_CD]]'s.
*[http://www.ncsu.edu/project/runt/ RUNT] (''www.ncsu.edu'')
*: ResNet USB Network Tester. Runs from a USB keydrive.
*[http://www.sysdev.org/site/ SlakbootEBS] (''www.sysdev.org'')
*: An Embedded Slackware Software development kit designed for ease of use.
*[http://www.slamd64.com/ Slamd64] (''www.slamd64.com'')
*: Unofficial port of Slackware to the [[x86-64]] architecture.
*[[Stux]] a [[Live CD]] that has a feature to remember configuration between use.
*[http://topologi-linux.sourceforge.net/ TopologiLinux] (''topologi-linux.sourceforge.net'')
*: Topologilinux runs within an existing Microsoft Windows system.
*[http://www.ultimalinux.com/ Ultima Linux] (''www.ultimalinux.com'')
*: lightweight distro based on Slackware (maintained by Martin Ultima).
*[http://www.gnulinux.de/pocketlinux/index.php/Main/HomePage Pocketlinux] (''www.gnulinux.de'')
*: another lightweight Slackware-based distro from Germany.
*[[VectorLinux]] - Distribution aimed at usability and speed.
*[[Voltalinux]] is based on Slackware with NetBSD's [[pkgsrc]]
*[[Wolvix]] is a SLAX remodel designed for a smaller footprint.

[[Category:Distro]]

==See also==
* [[Slackware-Introduction]] -- A Quick Introduction to Slackware
* [[Slackware-FAQ]] -- The Slackware FAQ
* [[Slackware-Guides]] -- The Slackware Guides

==External links==


*[http://www.slackware.com slackware.com] (''www.slackware.com'')
*: Official Website
*[http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/forumdisplay.php?forumid=14 Slackware Forum] (''www.linuxquestions.org'')
*: at linuxquestions.org
*[http://www.linuxpackages.net/ LinuxPackages] (''www.linuxpackages.net'')
*: User made packages for the Slackware package manager system
*[http://www.userlocal.com/ UserLocal] (''www.userlocal.com'')
*: Slackware community, news, forums, and information
*[http://shilo.is-a-geek.com/ shilo's Slackware site] (''shilo.is-a-geek.com'')
*: Step-by-step help getting your Slackware box set up start-to-finish.
*[http://www.vcn.bc.ca/~dugan/setting-up-slackware.html Dugan's Slackware How-To] (''www.vcn.bc.ca'')
*: Another guide to setting up your Slackware box.
*[http://lwn.net/Articles/91467/ A look at Slackware 10.0] (''lwn.net'')

Paludis

2007-02-06T18:19:09Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* Paludis Commands */ added content

=Paludis=
Paludis is a non-interactive alternative to Portage written by an ex-Gentoo developers along with several still current developers with contributions from several users.

Written in C++ Paludis is more efficient, safer, and faster than Portage. Paludis also incorporates many features that Portage does not. While still not an "official" package manager it is well supported by the creators and other users.

==Paludis vs Portage==
*Paludis is [http://ciaranm.org/show_post.pl?post_id=61 faster than portage]
*Paludis allows user defined hooks
*Paludis allows user defined sets
*Paludis can sync from subversion, cvs, and git

==Basic Usage==
In order to update your database of programs sync paludis just like you would portage: 
:paludis --sync
In order to update your system using paludis simply issue: 
:paludis -ip world
then remove the "p" which stands for pretend and let paludis do the rest: 
:paludis -i world
Paludis also works just portage in that you have sets from which you can choose to update
*world - Everything on your computer
*system - Only packages needed for basic operation
*security - Packages that are security related

==Common Problems==
Do to some poor maintenance, some ebuilds will fail the source test phase of the install process. This is not Paludis' fault but instead the ebuild's. Portage does not report these errors because the FEATURE="test" is not turned on by default. In order to fix this problem simply add the following code to your bashrc file: 
case "${PN}" in

# These packages often fail src_test (not a complete list)
automake|glibc|e2fsprogs|neon|gettext|tar)
export SKIP_FUNCTIONS=test
;;

esac 
If the package that is failing the source test is not listed simply add its name to the | delineated list.

==External links==

*[http://paludis.pioto.org/index.html Paludis Homepage] (''paludis.pioto.org'')
*[http://www.planetpaludis.org/ Planet Paludis] (''www.planetpaludis.org'')
*[http://gentoo-wiki.com/HOWTO_Use_Portage_alternative_-_Paludis Gentoo Wiki Article] (''gentoo-wiki.com'')
*[http://drzile.dyndns.org/index.php?page=paludis_scripts Paludis Scripts] (''drzile.dyndns.org'')

Make.conf

2007-02-05T17:14:04Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* VIDEO_CARDS */

==Make.conf==
Your make.conf file located in /etc/make.conf is file used by [[portage]] as its primary source of information on how to setup your system. If your not running [[Gentoo]] you don't have a make.conf file so you can move on. Within your make.conf file you will find a host of options that will determine what and how your system will function.

==Standard Fields==
===CFLAGS===
These flags tell the compiler what type of system you are using along with any optimizations you would like to include. For example a typical AMD64 setup may look like so: 
:CFLAGS="-march=athlon64 -O2 -pipe"

===CHOST===
This variable is set during install and should only be edited if you know what you are doing. It tells the computer what architecture you are running. 
:CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"

===CXXFLAGS===
This variable is generally set to mirror your CFLAGS setting, but can be set differently, again, if you know what you are doing. 
:CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"

===MAKEOPTS===
This option tells the complier how many simultaneous threads it can compile at one time. Thus it usually set at your processor plus one. So for a single core processor: 
:MAKEOPTS="-j2"

===GENTOO_MIRROS===
This setting tells [[portage]] which servers it can search for the programs you wish to install.

===SYNC===
This option tells [[portage]] which server to use in order to sync itself. After syncing [[portage]] will then know what the latest version of each file is and have an update collection of ebuilds to build packages with.

===USE===
This is the variable for which [[Gentoo]] is famous. Here you tell what settings you like to take effect system wide. For a fresh install which will eventually use Gnome, a good example would be: 
:USE="gtk gnome X alsa cdr dvd"

===VIDEO_CARDS===
This variable is used by [[portage]] so when emerging X it knows which drivers to pull in. If you had an nVidia card for example: 
:VIDEO_CARDS="nvidia"

===INPUT_DEVICES===
This variable again is used by [[portage]] in order to know which packages it needs to pull in while emerge X. A typical setup would look like:
INPUT_DEVICES="keyboard mouse"

==Non-Standard Fields==
The above list only included options that standard to every make.conf file. There are naturally other options that you can include in your make.conf to further refine your system.

===FEATURES===
The variable allows you to enable and disable various features of [[portage]] that are not enabled or disabled by default.
 FEATURES="sandbox ccache"

===EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPS===
This option allows you to set which options you would [[portage]] to always use when issuing a command. For example if you want [[portage]] to always run in verbose mode:
 EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS="--verbose"

Make.conf

2007-02-05T17:13:52Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* USE */

==Make.conf==
Your make.conf file located in /etc/make.conf is file used by [[portage]] as its primary source of information on how to setup your system. If your not running [[Gentoo]] you don't have a make.conf file so you can move on. Within your make.conf file you will find a host of options that will determine what and how your system will function.

==Standard Fields==
===CFLAGS===
These flags tell the compiler what type of system you are using along with any optimizations you would like to include. For example a typical AMD64 setup may look like so: 
:CFLAGS="-march=athlon64 -O2 -pipe"

===CHOST===
This variable is set during install and should only be edited if you know what you are doing. It tells the computer what architecture you are running. 
:CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"

===CXXFLAGS===
This variable is generally set to mirror your CFLAGS setting, but can be set differently, again, if you know what you are doing. 
:CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"

===MAKEOPTS===
This option tells the complier how many simultaneous threads it can compile at one time. Thus it usually set at your processor plus one. So for a single core processor: 
:MAKEOPTS="-j2"

===GENTOO_MIRROS===
This setting tells [[portage]] which servers it can search for the programs you wish to install.

===SYNC===
This option tells [[portage]] which server to use in order to sync itself. After syncing [[portage]] will then know what the latest version of each file is and have an update collection of ebuilds to build packages with.

===USE===
This is the variable for which [[Gentoo]] is famous. Here you tell what settings you like to take effect system wide. For a fresh install which will eventually use Gnome, a good example would be: 
:USE="gtk gnome X alsa cdr dvd"

===VIDEO_CARDS===
This variable is used by [[portage]] so when emerging X it knows which drivers to pull in. If you had an nVidia card for example:
 VIDEO_CARDS="nvidia"

===INPUT_DEVICES===
This variable again is used by [[portage]] in order to know which packages it needs to pull in while emerge X. A typical setup would look like:
INPUT_DEVICES="keyboard mouse"

==Non-Standard Fields==
The above list only included options that standard to every make.conf file. There are naturally other options that you can include in your make.conf to further refine your system.

===FEATURES===
The variable allows you to enable and disable various features of [[portage]] that are not enabled or disabled by default.
 FEATURES="sandbox ccache"

===EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPS===
This option allows you to set which options you would [[portage]] to always use when issuing a command. For example if you want [[portage]] to always run in verbose mode:
 EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS="--verbose"

Make.conf

2007-02-05T17:13:37Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* MAKEOPTS */

==Make.conf==
Your make.conf file located in /etc/make.conf is file used by [[portage]] as its primary source of information on how to setup your system. If your not running [[Gentoo]] you don't have a make.conf file so you can move on. Within your make.conf file you will find a host of options that will determine what and how your system will function.

==Standard Fields==
===CFLAGS===
These flags tell the compiler what type of system you are using along with any optimizations you would like to include. For example a typical AMD64 setup may look like so: 
:CFLAGS="-march=athlon64 -O2 -pipe"

===CHOST===
This variable is set during install and should only be edited if you know what you are doing. It tells the computer what architecture you are running. 
:CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"

===CXXFLAGS===
This variable is generally set to mirror your CFLAGS setting, but can be set differently, again, if you know what you are doing. 
:CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"

===MAKEOPTS===
This option tells the complier how many simultaneous threads it can compile at one time. Thus it usually set at your processor plus one. So for a single core processor: 
:MAKEOPTS="-j2"

===GENTOO_MIRROS===
This setting tells [[portage]] which servers it can search for the programs you wish to install.

===SYNC===
This option tells [[portage]] which server to use in order to sync itself. After syncing [[portage]] will then know what the latest version of each file is and have an update collection of ebuilds to build packages with.

===USE===
This is the variable for which [[Gentoo]] is famous. Here you tell what settings you like to take effect system wide. For a fresh install which will eventually use Gnome, a good example would be:
 USE="gtk gnome X alsa cdr dvd"

===VIDEO_CARDS===
This variable is used by [[portage]] so when emerging X it knows which drivers to pull in. If you had an nVidia card for example:
 VIDEO_CARDS="nvidia"

===INPUT_DEVICES===
This variable again is used by [[portage]] in order to know which packages it needs to pull in while emerge X. A typical setup would look like:
INPUT_DEVICES="keyboard mouse"

==Non-Standard Fields==
The above list only included options that standard to every make.conf file. There are naturally other options that you can include in your make.conf to further refine your system.

===FEATURES===
The variable allows you to enable and disable various features of [[portage]] that are not enabled or disabled by default.
 FEATURES="sandbox ccache"

===EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPS===
This option allows you to set which options you would [[portage]] to always use when issuing a command. For example if you want [[portage]] to always run in verbose mode:
 EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS="--verbose"

Make.conf

2007-02-05T17:13:21Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* CXXFLAGS */

==Make.conf==
Your make.conf file located in /etc/make.conf is file used by [[portage]] as its primary source of information on how to setup your system. If your not running [[Gentoo]] you don't have a make.conf file so you can move on. Within your make.conf file you will find a host of options that will determine what and how your system will function.

==Standard Fields==
===CFLAGS===
These flags tell the compiler what type of system you are using along with any optimizations you would like to include. For example a typical AMD64 setup may look like so: 
:CFLAGS="-march=athlon64 -O2 -pipe"

===CHOST===
This variable is set during install and should only be edited if you know what you are doing. It tells the computer what architecture you are running. 
:CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"

===CXXFLAGS===
This variable is generally set to mirror your CFLAGS setting, but can be set differently, again, if you know what you are doing. 
:CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"

===MAKEOPTS===
This option tells the complier how many simultaneous threads it can compile at one time. Thus it usually set at your processor plus one. So for a single core processor:
 MAKEOPTS="-j2"

===GENTOO_MIRROS===
This setting tells [[portage]] which servers it can search for the programs you wish to install.

===SYNC===
This option tells [[portage]] which server to use in order to sync itself. After syncing [[portage]] will then know what the latest version of each file is and have an update collection of ebuilds to build packages with.

===USE===
This is the variable for which [[Gentoo]] is famous. Here you tell what settings you like to take effect system wide. For a fresh install which will eventually use Gnome, a good example would be:
 USE="gtk gnome X alsa cdr dvd"

===VIDEO_CARDS===
This variable is used by [[portage]] so when emerging X it knows which drivers to pull in. If you had an nVidia card for example:
 VIDEO_CARDS="nvidia"

===INPUT_DEVICES===
This variable again is used by [[portage]] in order to know which packages it needs to pull in while emerge X. A typical setup would look like:
INPUT_DEVICES="keyboard mouse"

==Non-Standard Fields==
The above list only included options that standard to every make.conf file. There are naturally other options that you can include in your make.conf to further refine your system.

===FEATURES===
The variable allows you to enable and disable various features of [[portage]] that are not enabled or disabled by default.
 FEATURES="sandbox ccache"

===EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPS===
This option allows you to set which options you would [[portage]] to always use when issuing a command. For example if you want [[portage]] to always run in verbose mode:
 EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS="--verbose"

Make.conf

2007-02-05T17:13:01Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* CHOST */

==Make.conf==
Your make.conf file located in /etc/make.conf is file used by [[portage]] as its primary source of information on how to setup your system. If your not running [[Gentoo]] you don't have a make.conf file so you can move on. Within your make.conf file you will find a host of options that will determine what and how your system will function.

==Standard Fields==
===CFLAGS===
These flags tell the compiler what type of system you are using along with any optimizations you would like to include. For example a typical AMD64 setup may look like so: 
:CFLAGS="-march=athlon64 -O2 -pipe"

===CHOST===
This variable is set during install and should only be edited if you know what you are doing. It tells the computer what architecture you are running. 
:CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"

===CXXFLAGS===
This variable is generally set to mirror your CFLAGS setting, but can be set differently, again, if you know what you are doing.
 CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"

===MAKEOPTS===
This option tells the complier how many simultaneous threads it can compile at one time. Thus it usually set at your processor plus one. So for a single core processor:
 MAKEOPTS="-j2"

===GENTOO_MIRROS===
This setting tells [[portage]] which servers it can search for the programs you wish to install.

===SYNC===
This option tells [[portage]] which server to use in order to sync itself. After syncing [[portage]] will then know what the latest version of each file is and have an update collection of ebuilds to build packages with.

===USE===
This is the variable for which [[Gentoo]] is famous. Here you tell what settings you like to take effect system wide. For a fresh install which will eventually use Gnome, a good example would be:
 USE="gtk gnome X alsa cdr dvd"

===VIDEO_CARDS===
This variable is used by [[portage]] so when emerging X it knows which drivers to pull in. If you had an nVidia card for example:
 VIDEO_CARDS="nvidia"

===INPUT_DEVICES===
This variable again is used by [[portage]] in order to know which packages it needs to pull in while emerge X. A typical setup would look like:
INPUT_DEVICES="keyboard mouse"

==Non-Standard Fields==
The above list only included options that standard to every make.conf file. There are naturally other options that you can include in your make.conf to further refine your system.

===FEATURES===
The variable allows you to enable and disable various features of [[portage]] that are not enabled or disabled by default.
 FEATURES="sandbox ccache"

===EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPS===
This option allows you to set which options you would [[portage]] to always use when issuing a command. For example if you want [[portage]] to always run in verbose mode:
 EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS="--verbose"

Make.conf

2007-02-05T17:12:46Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* CFLAGS */

==Make.conf==
Your make.conf file located in /etc/make.conf is file used by [[portage]] as its primary source of information on how to setup your system. If your not running [[Gentoo]] you don't have a make.conf file so you can move on. Within your make.conf file you will find a host of options that will determine what and how your system will function.

==Standard Fields==
===CFLAGS===
These flags tell the compiler what type of system you are using along with any optimizations you would like to include. For example a typical AMD64 setup may look like so: 
:CFLAGS="-march=athlon64 -O2 -pipe"

===CHOST===
This variable is set during install and should only be edited if you know what you are doing. It tells the computer what architecture you are running.
 CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"

===CXXFLAGS===
This variable is generally set to mirror your CFLAGS setting, but can be set differently, again, if you know what you are doing.
 CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"

===MAKEOPTS===
This option tells the complier how many simultaneous threads it can compile at one time. Thus it usually set at your processor plus one. So for a single core processor:
 MAKEOPTS="-j2"

===GENTOO_MIRROS===
This setting tells [[portage]] which servers it can search for the programs you wish to install.

===SYNC===
This option tells [[portage]] which server to use in order to sync itself. After syncing [[portage]] will then know what the latest version of each file is and have an update collection of ebuilds to build packages with.

===USE===
This is the variable for which [[Gentoo]] is famous. Here you tell what settings you like to take effect system wide. For a fresh install which will eventually use Gnome, a good example would be:
 USE="gtk gnome X alsa cdr dvd"

===VIDEO_CARDS===
This variable is used by [[portage]] so when emerging X it knows which drivers to pull in. If you had an nVidia card for example:
 VIDEO_CARDS="nvidia"

===INPUT_DEVICES===
This variable again is used by [[portage]] in order to know which packages it needs to pull in while emerge X. A typical setup would look like:
INPUT_DEVICES="keyboard mouse"

==Non-Standard Fields==
The above list only included options that standard to every make.conf file. There are naturally other options that you can include in your make.conf to further refine your system.

===FEATURES===
The variable allows you to enable and disable various features of [[portage]] that are not enabled or disabled by default.
 FEATURES="sandbox ccache"

===EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPS===
This option allows you to set which options you would [[portage]] to always use when issuing a command. For example if you want [[portage]] to always run in verbose mode:
 EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS="--verbose"

Ccache

2007-02-05T17:05:17Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* See also */

=ccache=
As its name implies ccache is a program used to cache programs in C so that they will compile will faster.
==Command line==
In order to use ccache when you are compiling from the command line add the following line to your users .bash_profile
:PATH="/usr/lib/ccache/bin:/opt/bin:${PATH}"
==Portage and ccache==
Since [[Gentoo]] is a source based distribution it naturally involves a lot of compiling. In order to get Portage to use ccache when compiling programs add this line to your [[make.conf]] 
:CCACHE_SIZE="2G"
and then make sure that you add "ccache" as a feature.

==Paludis and ccache==
Paludis, a Portage replacement can of course use ccache as well in order to help improve compile times. For Paludis all you need to do is add the following to /etc/paludis/bashrc 
:export PATH="/usr/lib/ccache/bin/:$PATH" 
:export CCACHE_DIR="/var/tmp/ccache" 
:export CC="/usr/lib/ccache/bin/gcc" 
:export CXX="/usr/lib/ccache/bin/g++"
==See also==
[[make.conf]] 
[[portage]] 
[[paludis]] 
[[Gentoo]]

Ccache

2007-02-05T17:04:57Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* Portage and ccache */

Ccache

2007-02-05T17:03:21Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* ccache */ added content

=ccache=
As its name implies ccache is a program used to cache programs in C so that they will compile will faster.
==Command line==
In order to use ccache when you are compiling from the command line add the following line to your users .bash_profile
:PATH="/usr/lib/ccache/bin:/opt/bin:${PATH}"
==Portage and ccache==
Since Gentoo is a source based distribution it naturally involves a lot of compiling. In order to get Portage to use ccache when compiling programs add this line to your [[make.conf]] 
:CCACHE_SIZE="2G"
and then make sure that you add "ccache" as a feature.
==Paludis and ccache==
Paludis, a Portage replacement can of course use ccache as well in order to help improve compile times. For Paludis all you need to do is add the following to /etc/paludis/bashrc 
:export PATH="/usr/lib/ccache/bin/:$PATH" 
:export CCACHE_DIR="/var/tmp/ccache" 
:export CC="/usr/lib/ccache/bin/gcc" 
:export CXX="/usr/lib/ccache/bin/g++"
==See also==
[[make.conf]] 
[[portage]] 
[[paludis]]

Ccache

2007-02-05T16:35:00Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* See also */

=ccache=

==Command line==

==Portage and ccache==

==Paludis and ccache==

==See also==
[[make.conf]] 
[[portage]] 
[[paludis]]

Ccache

2007-02-05T16:34:40Z

PenguinOfWonder: More coming

=ccache=

==Command line==

==Portage and ccache==

==Paludis and ccache==

==See also==
[[make.conf]]
[[portage]]
[[paludis]]

Make.conf

2007-02-05T00:47:07Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* Non-Standard Options */

==Make.conf==
Your make.conf file located in /etc/make.conf is file used by [[portage]] as its primary source of information on how to setup your system. If your not running [[Gentoo]] you don't have a make.conf file so you can move on. Within your make.conf file you will find a host of options that will determine what and how your system will function.

==Standard Fields==
===CFLAGS===
These flags tell the compiler what type of system you are using along with any optimizations you would like to include. For example a typical AMD64 setup may look like so:
 CFLAGS="-march=athlon64 -O2 -pipe"

===CHOST===
This variable is set during install and should only be edited if you know what you are doing. It tells the computer what architecture you are running.
 CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"

===CXXFLAGS===
This variable is generally set to mirror your CFLAGS setting, but can be set differently, again, if you know what you are doing.
 CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"

===MAKEOPTS===
This option tells the complier how many simultaneous threads it can compile at one time. Thus it usually set at your processor plus one. So for a single core processor:
 MAKEOPTS="-j2"

===GENTOO_MIRROS===
This setting tells [[portage]] which servers it can search for the programs you wish to install.

===SYNC===
This option tells [[portage]] which server to use in order to sync itself. After syncing [[portage]] will then know what the latest version of each file is and have an update collection of ebuilds to build packages with.

===USE===
This is the variable for which [[Gentoo]] is famous. Here you tell what settings you like to take effect system wide. For a fresh install which will eventually use Gnome, a good example would be:
 USE="gtk gnome X alsa cdr dvd"

===VIDEO_CARDS===
This variable is used by [[portage]] so when emerging X it knows which drivers to pull in. If you had an nVidia card for example:
 VIDEO_CARDS="nvidia"

===INPUT_DEVICES===
This variable again is used by [[portage]] in order to know which packages it needs to pull in while emerge X. A typical setup would look like:
INPUT_DEVICES="keyboard mouse"

==Non-Standard Fields==
The above list only included options that standard to every make.conf file. There are naturally other options that you can include in your make.conf to further refine your system.

===FEATURES===
The variable allows you to enable and disable various features of [[portage]] that are not enabled or disabled by default.
 FEATURES="sandbox ccache"

===EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPS===
This option allows you to set which options you would [[portage]] to always use when issuing a command. For example if you want [[portage]] to always run in verbose mode:
 EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS="--verbose"

Make.conf

2007-02-05T00:44:53Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* Neccessary Fields */

==Make.conf==
Your make.conf file located in /etc/make.conf is file used by [[portage]] as its primary source of information on how to setup your system. If your not running [[Gentoo]] you don't have a make.conf file so you can move on. Within your make.conf file you will find a host of options that will determine what and how your system will function.

==Standard Fields==
===CFLAGS===
These flags tell the compiler what type of system you are using along with any optimizations you would like to include. For example a typical AMD64 setup may look like so:
 CFLAGS="-march=athlon64 -O2 -pipe"

===CHOST===
This variable is set during install and should only be edited if you know what you are doing. It tells the computer what architecture you are running.
 CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"

===CXXFLAGS===
This variable is generally set to mirror your CFLAGS setting, but can be set differently, again, if you know what you are doing.
 CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"

===MAKEOPTS===
This option tells the complier how many simultaneous threads it can compile at one time. Thus it usually set at your processor plus one. So for a single core processor:
 MAKEOPTS="-j2"

===GENTOO_MIRROS===
This setting tells [[portage]] which servers it can search for the programs you wish to install.

===SYNC===
This option tells [[portage]] which server to use in order to sync itself. After syncing [[portage]] will then know what the latest version of each file is and have an update collection of ebuilds to build packages with.

===USE===
This is the variable for which [[Gentoo]] is famous. Here you tell what settings you like to take effect system wide. For a fresh install which will eventually use Gnome, a good example would be:
 USE="gtk gnome X alsa cdr dvd"

===VIDEO_CARDS===
This variable is used by [[portage]] so when emerging X it knows which drivers to pull in. If you had an nVidia card for example:
 VIDEO_CARDS="nvidia"

===INPUT_DEVICES===
This variable again is used by [[portage]] in order to know which packages it needs to pull in while emerge X. A typical setup would look like:
INPUT_DEVICES="keyboard mouse"

=Non-Standard Options=
The above list only included options that standard to every make.conf file. There are naturally other options that you can include in your make.conf to further refine your system.

==FEATURES==
The variable allows you to enable and disable various features of [[portage]] that are not enabled or disabled by default.

==EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPS==
This option allows you to set which options you would [[portage]] to always use when issuing a command. For example if you want [[portage]] to always run in verbose mode:
 EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS="--verbose"

Make.conf

2007-02-05T00:44:32Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* Make.conf */ alittle formatting

==Make.conf==
Your make.conf file located in /etc/make.conf is file used by [[portage]] as its primary source of information on how to setup your system. If your not running [[Gentoo]] you don't have a make.conf file so you can move on. Within your make.conf file you will find a host of options that will determine what and how your system will function.

==Neccessary Fields==
===CFLAGS===
These flags tell the compiler what type of system you are using along with any optimizations you would like to include. For example a typical AMD64 setup may look like so:
 CFLAGS="-march=athlon64 -O2 -pipe"

===CHOST===
This variable is set during install and should only be edited if you know what you are doing. It tells the computer what architecture you are running.
 CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"

===CXXFLAGS===
This variable is generally set to mirror your CFLAGS setting, but can be set differently, again, if you know what you are doing.
 CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"

===MAKEOPTS===
This option tells the complier how many simultaneous threads it can compile at one time. Thus it usually set at your processor plus one. So for a single core processor:
 MAKEOPTS="-j2"

===GENTOO_MIRROS===
This setting tells [[portage]] which servers it can search for the programs you wish to install.

===SYNC===
This option tells [[portage]] which server to use in order to sync itself. After syncing [[portage]] will then know what the latest version of each file is and have an update collection of ebuilds to build packages with.

===USE===
This is the variable for which [[Gentoo]] is famous. Here you tell what settings you like to take effect system wide. For a fresh install which will eventually use Gnome, a good example would be:
 USE="gtk gnome X alsa cdr dvd"

===VIDEO_CARDS===
This variable is used by [[portage]] so when emerging X it knows which drivers to pull in. If you had an nVidia card for example:
 VIDEO_CARDS="nvidia"

===INPUT_DEVICES===
This variable again is used by [[portage]] in order to know which packages it needs to pull in while emerge X. A typical setup would look like:
INPUT_DEVICES="keyboard mouse"

=Non-Standard Options=
The above list only included options that standard to every make.conf file. There are naturally other options that you can include in your make.conf to further refine your system.

==FEATURES==
The variable allows you to enable and disable various features of [[portage]] that are not enabled or disabled by default.

==EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPS==
This option allows you to set which options you would [[portage]] to always use when issuing a command. For example if you want [[portage]] to always run in verbose mode:
 EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS="--verbose"

Gentoo tips & tricks

2007-02-05T00:40:52Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* Files */

This is a collection of '''tips & tricks''' for the peculiarities of [[Gentoo]].

== Use flags ==
[[USE flags]] are the way Gentoo organizes the compile time options. This is a feature that sets Gentoo apart from other distributions. While USE flags are set during the install, you can go back and change them at anytime. If you do, make sure that you use Portage to recompile any programs that might take advantage of any use flag changes. Also, when using Portage to install new programs, you can request it to compile that program with a USE flag specifically for it. You can list them in your make.conf . See the external links below for more information.

===Tools===
ufed = use flag editor, emerge ufed, then run ufed as root

A problem with ufed, is that it organizes your useflags alphabetically, So if you added an experimental one by hand in your make.conf, it will be hidden amongst your countless others.

=== Files ===
/etc/[[make.conf]] has a use flag section in it.

===Rebuilding what needs to be rebuilt ===
emerge -pev world | grep 'gtk' | awk '{print "=" $4}'

(rac's line)
swap gtk for the useflag of you choice

The above method will work, but is extremely ineffcient. Portage comes with a command created just for this purpose. If you've added a new USE flag to your make.conf then just run
emerge --udate --newuse world

== Masked packages ==
A lot of times you'll want to emerge a masked package (or a masked version of one). One short way to do this is <code>ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="~x86" emerge package</code> (replace x86 with your architecture). A slightly shorter way is to create a file called <code>/usr/sbin/expmerge</code>, with the following contents:
<pre>#!/bin/sh
ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="~x86" emerge $*</pre>
Then just <code>expmerge package</code>.
Mixing unstable with stable packages can lead to problems, so it's recommended you pick one type and use it all the time. This is more important for libraries rather then programs.

NOTE: the aforementioned method of emerging masked packages is deprecated and unsupported. please use /etc/portage/ (man portage, man emerge) This is used by:
<pre>echo "package-category/package-name" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords</pre>

== Emerge tips ==
*emerge sync -- syncs portage with the lateset tree
*emerge world -uDp, -- list things to be updated 
*emerge world -uD -- get almost everything updated 
*revdep-rebuild -- check for packages that break by rebuilding a dependancy
*'''WARNING''' emerge -U -- will break your system guaranteed

==Gentoo & KDE==
Remember - when installing [[KDE]] on Gentoo, you don't have to install every kde package. Instead, you can simply choose to install a "small" subset of them - ''for example'':

<pre># emerge kdebase kdeartwork</pre>

Prior to this, if you want to check out what packages would be installed, use the --pretend option - ''for example'':

<pre># emerge --pretend kdebase kdeartwork | less</pre>

(As a useful alternative to --pretend, you could use the --ask option - see ''man emerge'' for more information).

N.B - As of KDE 3.4 onwards, you will be able to utilise ''split ebuilds'' - this approach enables you to install individual KDE applications, without a plethora of other KDE apps automatically being installed (as in the monolithic approach).

==See also==
*[[Installing Slackware and Gentoo]]
*[[USE flags]]
*[[Make.conf]]
*[[emerge]]
*[[paludis]]
*[[Common tasks]]
*[[Distribution specific tips and tricks]]
*[[Gentoo and distcc]]

== External links==
* [http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic.php?t=157851 A sorted list of useflags for make.conf] (''forums.gentoo.org'').
* [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=2&chap=1 Gentoo Portage Documentation] (''www.gentoo.org'')

[[Category:Gentoo]]

Gentoo tips & tricks

2007-02-05T00:40:07Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* See also */

This is a collection of '''tips & tricks''' for the peculiarities of [[Gentoo]].

== Use flags ==
[[USE flags]] are the way Gentoo organizes the compile time options. This is a feature that sets Gentoo apart from other distributions. While USE flags are set during the install, you can go back and change them at anytime. If you do, make sure that you use Portage to recompile any programs that might take advantage of any use flag changes. Also, when using Portage to install new programs, you can request it to compile that program with a USE flag specifically for it. You can list them in your make.conf . See the external links below for more information.

===Tools===
ufed = use flag editor, emerge ufed, then run ufed as root

A problem with ufed, is that it organizes your useflags alphabetically, So if you added an experimental one by hand in your make.conf, it will be hidden amongst your countless others.

=== Files ===
/etc/make.conf has a use flag section in it.

===Rebuilding what needs to be rebuilt ===
emerge -pev world | grep 'gtk' | awk '{print "=" $4}'

(rac's line)
swap gtk for the useflag of you choice

The above method will work, but is extremely ineffcient. Portage comes with a command created just for this purpose. If you've added a new USE flag to your make.conf then just run
emerge --udate --newuse world

== Masked packages ==
A lot of times you'll want to emerge a masked package (or a masked version of one). One short way to do this is <code>ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="~x86" emerge package</code> (replace x86 with your architecture). A slightly shorter way is to create a file called <code>/usr/sbin/expmerge</code>, with the following contents:
<pre>#!/bin/sh
ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="~x86" emerge $*</pre>
Then just <code>expmerge package</code>.
Mixing unstable with stable packages can lead to problems, so it's recommended you pick one type and use it all the time. This is more important for libraries rather then programs.

NOTE: the aforementioned method of emerging masked packages is deprecated and unsupported. please use /etc/portage/ (man portage, man emerge) This is used by:
<pre>echo "package-category/package-name" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords</pre>

== Emerge tips ==
*emerge sync -- syncs portage with the lateset tree
*emerge world -uDp, -- list things to be updated 
*emerge world -uD -- get almost everything updated 
*revdep-rebuild -- check for packages that break by rebuilding a dependancy
*'''WARNING''' emerge -U -- will break your system guaranteed

==Gentoo & KDE==
Remember - when installing [[KDE]] on Gentoo, you don't have to install every kde package. Instead, you can simply choose to install a "small" subset of them - ''for example'':

<pre># emerge kdebase kdeartwork</pre>

Prior to this, if you want to check out what packages would be installed, use the --pretend option - ''for example'':

<pre># emerge --pretend kdebase kdeartwork | less</pre>

(As a useful alternative to --pretend, you could use the --ask option - see ''man emerge'' for more information).

N.B - As of KDE 3.4 onwards, you will be able to utilise ''split ebuilds'' - this approach enables you to install individual KDE applications, without a plethora of other KDE apps automatically being installed (as in the monolithic approach).

==See also==
*[[Installing Slackware and Gentoo]]
*[[USE flags]]
*[[Make.conf]]
*[[emerge]]
*[[paludis]]
*[[Common tasks]]
*[[Distribution specific tips and tricks]]
*[[Gentoo and distcc]]

== External links==
* [http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic.php?t=157851 A sorted list of useflags for make.conf] (''forums.gentoo.org'').
* [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=2&chap=1 Gentoo Portage Documentation] (''www.gentoo.org'')

[[Category:Gentoo]]

Installing Slackware and Gentoo

2007-02-02T00:49:08Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* 9.Install additional tools */

==1.Introduction==
In this guide we will install both [[Slackware]] and [[Gentoo]]. We will use Slackware to install Gentoo.Lets get started.
====2.Obtain Install CDs====
We are going to need two install CDs for this project.Lets get Slackware 10.1.
[http://iso.linuxquestions.org/version.php?version=109 Slackware 10.1]
Now lets get the Gentoo install CD
[http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/mirrors.xml Gentoo x86 LiveCD]
We don't really need this CD, but it is great to have around, just in case. The most important file to download is the stage file, also available at this location.

====3.Installing Slackware====
We only need the first Slackware cd to give us everything we need.We will have xorg,fluxbox and mozilla around if we need to ask for some help at
[http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/index.php?s=932e0871e4256c1fa843caf5064408e9 LinuxQuestions]
or just surf the forums while gentoo is compiling.Here is a great guide for installing slackware.
[http://www.bitbenderforums.com/vb22/showthread.php?postid=311808 Installing Slackware]
Here is another good one
[http://handbook.madpenguin.org/ MadPenguin Handbook]
When we set up the partitions we will need at least
*/boot hda1 ext3 (32M)
*/ hda2 reiserfs (this is for slackware)
*/ hda3 (create it with fdisk,this is for gentoo)
*swap hda4 swap (512M)
Great guide for setting up slackware
[http://shilo.is-a-geek.com/slack/ shilo's Tips]
Once you have Slackware the way you want it,lets move on to gentoo
====4.Installing Gentoo====
----
This is in no way better then the Gentoo Install Guide just our take on it
*(Make sure your time and date is correct. If wrong, set it with date MMDDhhmmCCYY )#date
*(Make the directory for gentoo) # mkdir /mnt/gentoo
*(Format the /root partition) # mkreiserfs /dev/hda3
*(Mount the root partition) # mount /dev/hda3 /mnt/gentoo
*(Create the boot mountpoint) # mkdir /mnt/gentoo/boot
*(Mount the boot partition) # mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/gentoo/boot
*(Go to the mountpoint) # cd /mnt/gentoo
*( download the latest stage3 tarball)
[http://gentoo.osuosl.org/releases/x86/2004.3/stages/ stages]
*( ... and extract) # tar -xvjpf stage<your stage>.tar.bz2
*(Copy over nameserver information) # cp -L /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/resolv.conf
*(Mount the proc filesystem) # mount -o bind /proc /mnt/gentoo/proc
*(Flushing the environment)# env -i HOME=$HOME TERM=$TERM chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash
*(Load the necessary variables) # env-update; source /etc/profile
*(update Portage) # emerge --sync

====5.Creating /etc/fstab====
Then edit your fstab look similar to the one below making sure to compensate for differences in partition schemes and removable drives and media.
nano -w /etc/fstab
*/dev/hda1 /boot ext3 defaults,noatime 1 2
*/dev/hda4 none swap sw 0 0
*/dev/hda3 / reiserfs noatail 0 1
*none /proc proc defaults 0 0
*none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
*/dev/cdroms/cdrom0 /mnt/cdrom iso9660 noauto,user 0 0

====6.Installing the kernel====
[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=1&chap=7 Gentoo kernel guide]
We have gone this far,lets manually configure our kernel
Manual Configuration
<tt><CODE><pre>
#emerge gentoo-dev-sources
#cd /usr/src/linux
#make menuconfig
First Make sure we have support for our filesystem
This must be compiled directly into the kernel
File systems
CONFIG_EXT2_FS is not set
# CONFIG_EXT3_FS=y
CONFIG_JBD is not set
#CONFIG_REISERFS_FS=y
CONFIG_REISERFS_CHECK is not set
CONFIG_REISERFS_PROC_INFO is not set
CONFIG_REISERFS_FS_XATTR is not set
CONFIG_JFS_FS is not set
CONFIG_XFS_FS is not set
CONFIG_MINIX_FS is not set
CONFIG_ROMFS_FS is not set
CONFIG_QUOTA is not set
#CONFIG_DNOTIFY=y
CONFIG_AUTOFS_FS is not set
#CONFIG_AUTOFS4_FS=y
Pseudo filesystems
#CONFIG_PROC_FS=y
#CONFIG_PROC_KCORE=y
#CONFIG_SYSFS=y
#CONFIG_DEVFS_FS=y
CONFIG_DEVFS_MOUNT is not set
CONFIG_DEVFS_DEBUG is not set
CONFIG_DEVPTS_FS_XATTR is not set
#CONFIG_TMPFS=y
CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR is not set
CONFIG_HUGETLBFS is not set
CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE is not set
#CONFIG_RAMFS=y
Make sure your chipset and drives are compiled directly into the kernel. Don't forget to select networking and soundcard support"*"and your soundcard and ethernet card as modules"m"
Take your time and when ready compile your kernel. From here onwards we assume that the kernel you are installing is the 2.6.10-gentoo-r6 version.
#make && make modules_install
#cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/kernel-2.6.10-gentoo-r9
#cp System.map /boot/System.map-2.6.10-gentoo-r9
#mkdir /mnt/slackware
#mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/slackware
#cp /lib/modules/2.6.10-gentoo-r6 /mnt/slackware/lib/modules</pre></CODE></tt>

====7.Configuring your System====
# echo tux > /etc/hostname (setting the hostname)
# echo homenetwork > /etc/dnsdomainname (setting the domainname)
# rc-update add domainname default (adding the domainname to the default runlevel)

====8.Configuring your Network====
Too much to cover here,check this out; 

[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=1&chap=8 Configuring your Network] 

Automatically Start Networking at Boot
rc-update add net.eth0 default
If you use dhcp lets emerge it now
emerge dhcpcd

====9.Install additional tools====
(Install system logger; choice: sysklogd, metalog, msyslog, syslog-ng)
emerge syslog-ng
(Have the systemlogger automatically started at boot)
rc-update add syslog-ng default
(Install cron daemon; choice: vixie-cron, dcron, fcron)
emerge vixie-cron
(Have the cron daemon automatically started at boot)
rc-update add vixie-cron default
(install hotplug)
emerge hotplug
(have hotplug automatically started at boot)
rc-update add hotplug default
(reiserfsprogs)
emerge reiserfsprogs
For udev
Next we will be using udev so check this out
[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/udev-guide.xml Gentoo udev guide]
#emerge coldplug
#rc-update add coldplug default
#emerge udev
edit /etc/conf.d/rc
(Set root password)
passwd
(Create a user)
useradd your_user -m -G users,wheel,audio -s /bin/bash
(Set password for that user)
passwd your_user
(Set the hostsfile, ex:"127.0.0.1 localhost mymachine")
nano -w /etc/hosts
(Configure basic system settings; follow comments)
nano -w /etc/rc.conf
(Setup networking; dhcp-users should set iface_eth0="dhcp")
nano -w /etc/conf.d/net
Now lets make sure we didn't forget anything
*Check it here
[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/gentoo-x86-quickinstall.xml Gentoo install reference]
(Exiting the chroot)
exit; cd /
(Unmounting partitions)
umount /mnt/gentoo/boot /mnt/gentoo/proc /mnt/gentoo
(Reboot)
reboot
----
'''Setting Up lilo''' 
''Note: Lilo is not the default boot loader for Gentoo.''
O.K. almost done,now the easy part,reboot into Slackware
open up /etc/lilo.conf
pico -w /etc/lilo.conf
add this to the bottom
image = /boot/kernel-2.6.10-gentoo-r6
root = /dev/hda4
label = Gentoo
read-only
ctrl o plus enter to save ctrl x to exit

Make sure to run /sbin/lilo

==Sources==
*[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=0&chap=0 Gentoo Linux x86 Handbook] (''www.gentoo.org'')
*[http://www.bitbenderforums.com/vb22/showthread.php?postid=311808 bitbenderforums] (''www.bitbenderforums.com'')
*[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/list.xml Gentoo Linux Documentation] (''www.gentoo.org'')
*[http://handbook.madpenguin.org/ Slackware Handbook] (''handbook.madpenguin.org'')
*[http://shilo.is-a-geek.com/slack/ Shilo's Slackware Page] (''shilo.is-a-geek.com'')

Installing Slackware and Gentoo

2007-02-02T00:48:10Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* 9.Install additional tools */ Added note

==1.Introduction==
In this guide we will install both [[Slackware]] and [[Gentoo]]. We will use Slackware to install Gentoo.Lets get started.
====2.Obtain Install CDs====
We are going to need two install CDs for this project.Lets get Slackware 10.1.
[http://iso.linuxquestions.org/version.php?version=109 Slackware 10.1]
Now lets get the Gentoo install CD
[http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/mirrors.xml Gentoo x86 LiveCD]
We don't really need this CD, but it is great to have around, just in case. The most important file to download is the stage file, also available at this location.

====3.Installing Slackware====
We only need the first Slackware cd to give us everything we need.We will have xorg,fluxbox and mozilla around if we need to ask for some help at
[http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/index.php?s=932e0871e4256c1fa843caf5064408e9 LinuxQuestions]
or just surf the forums while gentoo is compiling.Here is a great guide for installing slackware.
[http://www.bitbenderforums.com/vb22/showthread.php?postid=311808 Installing Slackware]
Here is another good one
[http://handbook.madpenguin.org/ MadPenguin Handbook]
When we set up the partitions we will need at least
*/boot hda1 ext3 (32M)
*/ hda2 reiserfs (this is for slackware)
*/ hda3 (create it with fdisk,this is for gentoo)
*swap hda4 swap (512M)
Great guide for setting up slackware
[http://shilo.is-a-geek.com/slack/ shilo's Tips]
Once you have Slackware the way you want it,lets move on to gentoo
====4.Installing Gentoo====
----
This is in no way better then the Gentoo Install Guide just our take on it
*(Make sure your time and date is correct. If wrong, set it with date MMDDhhmmCCYY )#date
*(Make the directory for gentoo) # mkdir /mnt/gentoo
*(Format the /root partition) # mkreiserfs /dev/hda3
*(Mount the root partition) # mount /dev/hda3 /mnt/gentoo
*(Create the boot mountpoint) # mkdir /mnt/gentoo/boot
*(Mount the boot partition) # mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/gentoo/boot
*(Go to the mountpoint) # cd /mnt/gentoo
*( download the latest stage3 tarball)
[http://gentoo.osuosl.org/releases/x86/2004.3/stages/ stages]
*( ... and extract) # tar -xvjpf stage<your stage>.tar.bz2
*(Copy over nameserver information) # cp -L /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/resolv.conf
*(Mount the proc filesystem) # mount -o bind /proc /mnt/gentoo/proc
*(Flushing the environment)# env -i HOME=$HOME TERM=$TERM chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash
*(Load the necessary variables) # env-update; source /etc/profile
*(update Portage) # emerge --sync

====5.Creating /etc/fstab====
Then edit your fstab look similar to the one below making sure to compensate for differences in partition schemes and removable drives and media.
nano -w /etc/fstab
*/dev/hda1 /boot ext3 defaults,noatime 1 2
*/dev/hda4 none swap sw 0 0
*/dev/hda3 / reiserfs noatail 0 1
*none /proc proc defaults 0 0
*none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
*/dev/cdroms/cdrom0 /mnt/cdrom iso9660 noauto,user 0 0

====6.Installing the kernel====
[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=1&chap=7 Gentoo kernel guide]
We have gone this far,lets manually configure our kernel
Manual Configuration
<tt><CODE><pre>
#emerge gentoo-dev-sources
#cd /usr/src/linux
#make menuconfig
First Make sure we have support for our filesystem
This must be compiled directly into the kernel
File systems
CONFIG_EXT2_FS is not set
# CONFIG_EXT3_FS=y
CONFIG_JBD is not set
#CONFIG_REISERFS_FS=y
CONFIG_REISERFS_CHECK is not set
CONFIG_REISERFS_PROC_INFO is not set
CONFIG_REISERFS_FS_XATTR is not set
CONFIG_JFS_FS is not set
CONFIG_XFS_FS is not set
CONFIG_MINIX_FS is not set
CONFIG_ROMFS_FS is not set
CONFIG_QUOTA is not set
#CONFIG_DNOTIFY=y
CONFIG_AUTOFS_FS is not set
#CONFIG_AUTOFS4_FS=y
Pseudo filesystems
#CONFIG_PROC_FS=y
#CONFIG_PROC_KCORE=y
#CONFIG_SYSFS=y
#CONFIG_DEVFS_FS=y
CONFIG_DEVFS_MOUNT is not set
CONFIG_DEVFS_DEBUG is not set
CONFIG_DEVPTS_FS_XATTR is not set
#CONFIG_TMPFS=y
CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR is not set
CONFIG_HUGETLBFS is not set
CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE is not set
#CONFIG_RAMFS=y
Make sure your chipset and drives are compiled directly into the kernel. Don't forget to select networking and soundcard support"*"and your soundcard and ethernet card as modules"m"
Take your time and when ready compile your kernel. From here onwards we assume that the kernel you are installing is the 2.6.10-gentoo-r6 version.
#make && make modules_install
#cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/kernel-2.6.10-gentoo-r9
#cp System.map /boot/System.map-2.6.10-gentoo-r9
#mkdir /mnt/slackware
#mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/slackware
#cp /lib/modules/2.6.10-gentoo-r6 /mnt/slackware/lib/modules</pre></CODE></tt>

====7.Configuring your System====
# echo tux > /etc/hostname (setting the hostname)
# echo homenetwork > /etc/dnsdomainname (setting the domainname)
# rc-update add domainname default (adding the domainname to the default runlevel)

====8.Configuring your Network====
Too much to cover here,check this out; 

[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=1&chap=8 Configuring your Network] 

Automatically Start Networking at Boot
rc-update add net.eth0 default
If you use dhcp lets emerge it now
emerge dhcpcd

====9.Install additional tools====
(Install system logger; choice: sysklogd, metalog, msyslog, syslog-ng)
emerge syslog-ng
(Have the systemlogger automatically started at boot)
rc-update add syslog-ng default
(Install cron daemon; choice: vixie-cron, dcron, fcron)
emerge vixie-cron
(Have the cron daemon automatically started at boot)
rc-update add vixie-cron default
(install hotplug)
emerge hotplug
(have hotplug automatically started at boot)
rc-update add hotplug default
(reiserfsprogs)
emerge reiserfsprogs
For udev
Next we will be using udev so check this out
[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/udev-guide.xml Gentoo udev guide]
#emerge coldplug
#rc-update add coldplug default
#emerge udev
edit /etc/conf.d/rc
(Set root password)
passwd
(Create a user)
useradd your_user -m -G users,wheel,audio -s /bin/bash
(Set password for that user)
passwd your_user
(Set the hostsfile, ex:"127.0.0.1 localhost mymachine")
nano -w /etc/hosts
(Configure basic system settings; follow comments)
nano -w /etc/rc.conf
(Setup networking; dhcp-users should set iface_eth0="dhcp")
nano -w /etc/conf.d/net
Now lets make sure we didn't forget anything
*Check it here
[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/gentoo-x86-quickinstall.xml Gentoo install reference]
(Exiting the chroot)
exit; cd /
(Unmounting partitions)
umount /mnt/gentoo/boot /mnt/gentoo/proc /mnt/gentoo
(Reboot)
reboot
----
'''Setting Up lilo''' 
''Note: Lilo is no longer the default boot loader.''
O.K. almost done,now the easy part,reboot into Slackware
open up /etc/lilo.conf
pico -w /etc/lilo.conf
add this to the bottom
image = /boot/kernel-2.6.10-gentoo-r6
root = /dev/hda4
label = Gentoo
read-only
ctrl o plus enter to save ctrl x to exit

Make sure to run /sbin/lilo

==Sources==
*[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=0&chap=0 Gentoo Linux x86 Handbook] (''www.gentoo.org'')
*[http://www.bitbenderforums.com/vb22/showthread.php?postid=311808 bitbenderforums] (''www.bitbenderforums.com'')
*[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/list.xml Gentoo Linux Documentation] (''www.gentoo.org'')
*[http://handbook.madpenguin.org/ Slackware Handbook] (''handbook.madpenguin.org'')
*[http://shilo.is-a-geek.com/slack/ Shilo's Slackware Page] (''shilo.is-a-geek.com'')

Installing Slackware and Gentoo

2007-02-02T00:45:42Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* 6.Installing the kernel */ Formatting

==1.Introduction==
In this guide we will install both [[Slackware]] and [[Gentoo]]. We will use Slackware to install Gentoo.Lets get started.
====2.Obtain Install CDs====
We are going to need two install CDs for this project.Lets get Slackware 10.1.
[http://iso.linuxquestions.org/version.php?version=109 Slackware 10.1]
Now lets get the Gentoo install CD
[http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/mirrors.xml Gentoo x86 LiveCD]
We don't really need this CD, but it is great to have around, just in case. The most important file to download is the stage file, also available at this location.

====3.Installing Slackware====
We only need the first Slackware cd to give us everything we need.We will have xorg,fluxbox and mozilla around if we need to ask for some help at
[http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/index.php?s=932e0871e4256c1fa843caf5064408e9 LinuxQuestions]
or just surf the forums while gentoo is compiling.Here is a great guide for installing slackware.
[http://www.bitbenderforums.com/vb22/showthread.php?postid=311808 Installing Slackware]
Here is another good one
[http://handbook.madpenguin.org/ MadPenguin Handbook]
When we set up the partitions we will need at least
*/boot hda1 ext3 (32M)
*/ hda2 reiserfs (this is for slackware)
*/ hda3 (create it with fdisk,this is for gentoo)
*swap hda4 swap (512M)
Great guide for setting up slackware
[http://shilo.is-a-geek.com/slack/ shilo's Tips]
Once you have Slackware the way you want it,lets move on to gentoo
====4.Installing Gentoo====
----
This is in no way better then the Gentoo Install Guide just our take on it
*(Make sure your time and date is correct. If wrong, set it with date MMDDhhmmCCYY )#date
*(Make the directory for gentoo) # mkdir /mnt/gentoo
*(Format the /root partition) # mkreiserfs /dev/hda3
*(Mount the root partition) # mount /dev/hda3 /mnt/gentoo
*(Create the boot mountpoint) # mkdir /mnt/gentoo/boot
*(Mount the boot partition) # mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/gentoo/boot
*(Go to the mountpoint) # cd /mnt/gentoo
*( download the latest stage3 tarball)
[http://gentoo.osuosl.org/releases/x86/2004.3/stages/ stages]
*( ... and extract) # tar -xvjpf stage<your stage>.tar.bz2
*(Copy over nameserver information) # cp -L /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/resolv.conf
*(Mount the proc filesystem) # mount -o bind /proc /mnt/gentoo/proc
*(Flushing the environment)# env -i HOME=$HOME TERM=$TERM chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash
*(Load the necessary variables) # env-update; source /etc/profile
*(update Portage) # emerge --sync

====5.Creating /etc/fstab====
Then edit your fstab look similar to the one below making sure to compensate for differences in partition schemes and removable drives and media.
nano -w /etc/fstab
*/dev/hda1 /boot ext3 defaults,noatime 1 2
*/dev/hda4 none swap sw 0 0
*/dev/hda3 / reiserfs noatail 0 1
*none /proc proc defaults 0 0
*none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
*/dev/cdroms/cdrom0 /mnt/cdrom iso9660 noauto,user 0 0

====6.Installing the kernel====
[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=1&chap=7 Gentoo kernel guide]
We have gone this far,lets manually configure our kernel
Manual Configuration
<tt><CODE><pre>
#emerge gentoo-dev-sources
#cd /usr/src/linux
#make menuconfig
First Make sure we have support for our filesystem
This must be compiled directly into the kernel
File systems
CONFIG_EXT2_FS is not set
# CONFIG_EXT3_FS=y
CONFIG_JBD is not set
#CONFIG_REISERFS_FS=y
CONFIG_REISERFS_CHECK is not set
CONFIG_REISERFS_PROC_INFO is not set
CONFIG_REISERFS_FS_XATTR is not set
CONFIG_JFS_FS is not set
CONFIG_XFS_FS is not set
CONFIG_MINIX_FS is not set
CONFIG_ROMFS_FS is not set
CONFIG_QUOTA is not set
#CONFIG_DNOTIFY=y
CONFIG_AUTOFS_FS is not set
#CONFIG_AUTOFS4_FS=y
Pseudo filesystems
#CONFIG_PROC_FS=y
#CONFIG_PROC_KCORE=y
#CONFIG_SYSFS=y
#CONFIG_DEVFS_FS=y
CONFIG_DEVFS_MOUNT is not set
CONFIG_DEVFS_DEBUG is not set
CONFIG_DEVPTS_FS_XATTR is not set
#CONFIG_TMPFS=y
CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR is not set
CONFIG_HUGETLBFS is not set
CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE is not set
#CONFIG_RAMFS=y
Make sure your chipset and drives are compiled directly into the kernel. Don't forget to select networking and soundcard support"*"and your soundcard and ethernet card as modules"m"
Take your time and when ready compile your kernel. From here onwards we assume that the kernel you are installing is the 2.6.10-gentoo-r6 version.
#make && make modules_install
#cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/kernel-2.6.10-gentoo-r9
#cp System.map /boot/System.map-2.6.10-gentoo-r9
#mkdir /mnt/slackware
#mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/slackware
#cp /lib/modules/2.6.10-gentoo-r6 /mnt/slackware/lib/modules</pre></CODE></tt>

====7.Configuring your System====
# echo tux > /etc/hostname (setting the hostname)
# echo homenetwork > /etc/dnsdomainname (setting the domainname)
# rc-update add domainname default (adding the domainname to the default runlevel)

====8.Configuring your Network====
Too much to cover here,check this out; 

[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=1&chap=8 Configuring your Network] 

Automatically Start Networking at Boot
rc-update add net.eth0 default
If you use dhcp lets emerge it now
emerge dhcpcd

====9.Install additional tools====
(Install system logger; choice: sysklogd, metalog, msyslog, syslog-ng)
emerge syslog-ng
(Have the systemlogger automatically started at boot)
rc-update add syslog-ng default
(Install cron daemon; choice: vixie-cron, dcron, fcron)
emerge vixie-cron
(Have the cron daemon automatically started at boot)
rc-update add vixie-cron default
(install hotplug)
emerge hotplug
(have hotplug automatically started at boot)
rc-update add hotplug default
(reiserfsprogs)
emerge reiserfsprogs
For udev
Next we will be using udev so check this out
[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/udev-guide.xml Gentoo udev guide]
#emerge coldplug
#rc-update add coldplug default
#emerge udev
edit /etc/conf.d/rc
(Set root password)
passwd
(Create a user)
useradd your_user -m -G users,wheel,audio -s /bin/bash
(Set password for that user)
passwd your_user
(Set the hostsfile, ex:"127.0.0.1 localhost mymachine")
nano -w /etc/hosts
(Configure basic system settings; follow comments)
nano -w /etc/rc.conf
(Setup networking; dhcp-users should set iface_eth0="dhcp")
nano -w /etc/conf.d/net
Now lets make sure we didn't forget anything
*Check it here
[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/gentoo-x86-quickinstall.xml Gentoo install reference]
(Exiting the chroot)
exit; cd /
(Unmounting partitions)
umount /mnt/gentoo/boot /mnt/gentoo/proc /mnt/gentoo
(Reboot)
reboot
----
'''Setting Up lilo''' 
O.K. almost done,now the easy part,reboot into Slackware
open up /etc/lilo.conf
pico -w /etc/lilo.conf
add this to the bottom
image = /boot/kernel-2.6.10-gentoo-r6
root = /dev/hda4
label = Gentoo
read-only
ctrl o plus enter to save ctrl x to exit

Make sure to run /sbin/lilo

==Sources==
*[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=0&chap=0 Gentoo Linux x86 Handbook] (''www.gentoo.org'')
*[http://www.bitbenderforums.com/vb22/showthread.php?postid=311808 bitbenderforums] (''www.bitbenderforums.com'')
*[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/list.xml Gentoo Linux Documentation] (''www.gentoo.org'')
*[http://handbook.madpenguin.org/ Slackware Handbook] (''handbook.madpenguin.org'')
*[http://shilo.is-a-geek.com/slack/ Shilo's Slackware Page] (''shilo.is-a-geek.com'')

Installing Slackware and Gentoo

2007-02-02T00:44:03Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* 5.Creating /etc/fstab */ Formating added some text

==1.Introduction==
In this guide we will install both [[Slackware]] and [[Gentoo]]. We will use Slackware to install Gentoo.Lets get started.
====2.Obtain Install CDs====
We are going to need two install CDs for this project.Lets get Slackware 10.1.
[http://iso.linuxquestions.org/version.php?version=109 Slackware 10.1]
Now lets get the Gentoo install CD
[http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/mirrors.xml Gentoo x86 LiveCD]
We don't really need this CD, but it is great to have around, just in case. The most important file to download is the stage file, also available at this location.

====3.Installing Slackware====
We only need the first Slackware cd to give us everything we need.We will have xorg,fluxbox and mozilla around if we need to ask for some help at
[http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/index.php?s=932e0871e4256c1fa843caf5064408e9 LinuxQuestions]
or just surf the forums while gentoo is compiling.Here is a great guide for installing slackware.
[http://www.bitbenderforums.com/vb22/showthread.php?postid=311808 Installing Slackware]
Here is another good one
[http://handbook.madpenguin.org/ MadPenguin Handbook]
When we set up the partitions we will need at least
*/boot hda1 ext3 (32M)
*/ hda2 reiserfs (this is for slackware)
*/ hda3 (create it with fdisk,this is for gentoo)
*swap hda4 swap (512M)
Great guide for setting up slackware
[http://shilo.is-a-geek.com/slack/ shilo's Tips]
Once you have Slackware the way you want it,lets move on to gentoo
====4.Installing Gentoo====
----
This is in no way better then the Gentoo Install Guide just our take on it
*(Make sure your time and date is correct. If wrong, set it with date MMDDhhmmCCYY )#date
*(Make the directory for gentoo) # mkdir /mnt/gentoo
*(Format the /root partition) # mkreiserfs /dev/hda3
*(Mount the root partition) # mount /dev/hda3 /mnt/gentoo
*(Create the boot mountpoint) # mkdir /mnt/gentoo/boot
*(Mount the boot partition) # mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/gentoo/boot
*(Go to the mountpoint) # cd /mnt/gentoo
*( download the latest stage3 tarball)
[http://gentoo.osuosl.org/releases/x86/2004.3/stages/ stages]
*( ... and extract) # tar -xvjpf stage<your stage>.tar.bz2
*(Copy over nameserver information) # cp -L /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/resolv.conf
*(Mount the proc filesystem) # mount -o bind /proc /mnt/gentoo/proc
*(Flushing the environment)# env -i HOME=$HOME TERM=$TERM chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash
*(Load the necessary variables) # env-update; source /etc/profile
*(update Portage) # emerge --sync

====5.Creating /etc/fstab====
Then edit your fstab look similar to the one below making sure to compensate for differences in partition schemes and removable drives and media.
nano -w /etc/fstab
*/dev/hda1 /boot ext3 defaults,noatime 1 2
*/dev/hda4 none swap sw 0 0
*/dev/hda3 / reiserfs noatail 0 1
*none /proc proc defaults 0 0
*none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
*/dev/cdroms/cdrom0 /mnt/cdrom iso9660 noauto,user 0 0

====6.Installing the kernel====
[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=1&chap=7 Gentoo kernel guide]
We have gone this far,lets manually configure our kernel
Manual Configuration
<tt><CODE><pre>
#emerge gentoo-dev-sources
#cd /usr/src/linux
#make menuconfig
First Make sure we have support for our filesystem
This must be compiled directly into the kernel
File systems
CONFIG_EXT2_FS is not set
# CONFIG_EXT3_FS=y
CONFIG_JBD is not set
#CONFIG_REISERFS_FS=y
CONFIG_REISERFS_CHECK is not set
CONFIG_REISERFS_PROC_INFO is not set
CONFIG_REISERFS_FS_XATTR is not set
CONFIG_JFS_FS is not set
CONFIG_XFS_FS is not set
CONFIG_MINIX_FS is not set
CONFIG_ROMFS_FS is not set
CONFIG_QUOTA is not set
#CONFIG_DNOTIFY=y
CONFIG_AUTOFS_FS is not set
#CONFIG_AUTOFS4_FS=y
Pseudo filesystems
#CONFIG_PROC_FS=y
#CONFIG_PROC_KCORE=y
#CONFIG_SYSFS=y
#CONFIG_DEVFS_FS=y
CONFIG_DEVFS_MOUNT is not set
CONFIG_DEVFS_DEBUG is not set
CONFIG_DEVPTS_FS_XATTR is not set
#CONFIG_TMPFS=y
CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR is not set
CONFIG_HUGETLBFS is not set
CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE is not set
#CONFIG_RAMFS=y
Make sure your chipset and drives are compiled directly into the kernel
Don't forget to select networking and soundcard support"*"and your soundcard and ethernet card as modules"m"
Take your time and when ready,from here onwards we assume that the kernel you are installing is the 2.6.10-gentoo-r6 version
#make && make modules_install
#cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/kernel-2.6.10-gentoo-r9
#cp System.map /boot/System.map-2.6.10-gentoo-r9
#mkdir /mnt/slackware
#mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/slackware
#cp /lib/modules/2.6.10-gentoo-r6 /mnt/slackware/lib/modules</pre></CODE></tt>

====7.Configuring your System====
# echo tux > /etc/hostname (setting the hostname)
# echo homenetwork > /etc/dnsdomainname (setting the domainname)
# rc-update add domainname default (adding the domainname to the default runlevel)

====8.Configuring your Network====
Too much to cover here,check this out; 

[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=1&chap=8 Configuring your Network] 

Automatically Start Networking at Boot
rc-update add net.eth0 default
If you use dhcp lets emerge it now
emerge dhcpcd

====9.Install additional tools====
(Install system logger; choice: sysklogd, metalog, msyslog, syslog-ng)
emerge syslog-ng
(Have the systemlogger automatically started at boot)
rc-update add syslog-ng default
(Install cron daemon; choice: vixie-cron, dcron, fcron)
emerge vixie-cron
(Have the cron daemon automatically started at boot)
rc-update add vixie-cron default
(install hotplug)
emerge hotplug
(have hotplug automatically started at boot)
rc-update add hotplug default
(reiserfsprogs)
emerge reiserfsprogs
For udev
Next we will be using udev so check this out
[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/udev-guide.xml Gentoo udev guide]
#emerge coldplug
#rc-update add coldplug default
#emerge udev
edit /etc/conf.d/rc
(Set root password)
passwd
(Create a user)
useradd your_user -m -G users,wheel,audio -s /bin/bash
(Set password for that user)
passwd your_user
(Set the hostsfile, ex:"127.0.0.1 localhost mymachine")
nano -w /etc/hosts
(Configure basic system settings; follow comments)
nano -w /etc/rc.conf
(Setup networking; dhcp-users should set iface_eth0="dhcp")
nano -w /etc/conf.d/net
Now lets make sure we didn't forget anything
*Check it here
[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/gentoo-x86-quickinstall.xml Gentoo install reference]
(Exiting the chroot)
exit; cd /
(Unmounting partitions)
umount /mnt/gentoo/boot /mnt/gentoo/proc /mnt/gentoo
(Reboot)
reboot
----
'''Setting Up lilo''' 
O.K. almost done,now the easy part,reboot into Slackware
open up /etc/lilo.conf
pico -w /etc/lilo.conf
add this to the bottom
image = /boot/kernel-2.6.10-gentoo-r6
root = /dev/hda4
label = Gentoo
read-only
ctrl o plus enter to save ctrl x to exit

Make sure to run /sbin/lilo

==Sources==
*[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=0&chap=0 Gentoo Linux x86 Handbook] (''www.gentoo.org'')
*[http://www.bitbenderforums.com/vb22/showthread.php?postid=311808 bitbenderforums] (''www.bitbenderforums.com'')
*[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/list.xml Gentoo Linux Documentation] (''www.gentoo.org'')
*[http://handbook.madpenguin.org/ Slackware Handbook] (''handbook.madpenguin.org'')
*[http://shilo.is-a-geek.com/slack/ Shilo's Slackware Page] (''shilo.is-a-geek.com'')

Gentoo

2007-02-02T00:40:12Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* Installing Masked Packages */ added note and fixed some formating

http://www.gentoo.org/images/powered-small.png

'''Gentoo''' is a special flavor of [[Linux]] that can be automatically optimized and customized for just about any application or need. Extreme performance, configurability, and a top-notch user and developer community are all hallmarks of the Gentoo experience. 'The word ''"gentoo"'' is the name for a species of penguins [http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/Peter_and_Barbara_Barham/gentoo.htm].'

Thanks to a technology called [[Portage]], Gentoo Linux can become an ideal secure server, development workstation, professional desktop, gaming system, embedded solution or whatever you need it to be. Because of its near-unlimited adaptability, Gentoo Linux is called a [[metadistribution]].

Portage is the heart of Gentoo Linux, and performs many key functions. Your local Portage tree contains a complete collection of scripts that can be used by Portage to compile and install the latest Gentoo packages. Currently, there are over 6000 packages in the Portage tree, with new ones being added all the time. Installing a new application is as easy as:

:<tt># [[emerge]] packagename</tt>

The application will then be downloaded and automatically [[Compilation_From_Source|compiled from source]], with compile-time options selected according to preferences you set during installation in your [[make.conf]] file, (i.e. with or without support for [[X]], [[PNG]]s, [[JPEG]]s, [[Gnome]], etc). N.B - Portage will automatically cater for any dependencies when installing software.

[[Daniel Robbins]] is Gentoo's chief architect. You can read his philosophy of Gentoo Linux [http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/philosophy.xml here].

== Gentoo help resources ==
If you are looking for help on Gentoo Linux, the Gentoo forums[http://forums.gentoo.org] are an excellent resource and are full of both friendly and knowledgeable people. The IRC room at irc.freenode.net called #gentoo is also a place to find community around Gentoo. Before checking either of those, visit the Gentoo documentation site[http://www.gentoo.org/doc], where many high-quality documents have been published on common and not-so-common issues.

== Break my gentoo ==
Even though Gentoo is a bleeding edge distro, there are some packages that are not installable immediately. Check out http://www.breakmygentoo.net/ for all the latest portage files to install the latest software.

== Gentoo server project wiki ==
The Gentoo Server Project Wiki is located at http://www.subverted.net/wakka. The Gentoo Server Project has [[mission-critical reliability]] as it's goal, but mostly serves as glue for the official Gentoo documentation.
Includes [[case studies]] and articles.

==Installing Masked Packages==
Some packages in the portage tree are "masked" i.e. marked as unstable, and cannot be installed on a default system. To emerge a masked package (or a masked version of one) prefix the emerge command as follows <code>ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="~x86" emerge package</code> (replace x86 with your architecture). A slightly shorter way is to create a script called <code>/usr/sbin/expmerge</code>, with the following contents:
<pre>#!/bin/sh
ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="~x86" emerge $*</pre>
Then after marking as executable (<code>chown root:root /usr/sbin/expmerge && chmod ug+wrx /usr/sbin/expmerge</code>) just <code>expmerge package</code>.
Mixing unstable with stable packages can lead to problems, so it's recommended you pick one type and use it all the time. This is more important for libraries rather then programs. To use masked packages for the entire system add to /etc/make.conf (''Note: This is an unsupported method and should not be used.''): 
 <code>ACCEPT_KEYOWORDS="~x86"</code> 
 
Another technique is to create the file /etc/portage/package.keywords and add the packages that you want to always use the unstable version, for example: 

<code>media-video/nvidia-kernel ~x86
media-video/nvidia-glx ~x86
x11-base/opengl-update ~x86
media-sound/beep-media-player ~x86
x11-misc/transset ~x86</code>
To easily add new items to this file simply:
 <code>echo "app-editors/vim ~x86" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords</code> 

Then when you upgrade these packages will remain ~x86 

==See also==
*[[Installing Slackware and Gentoo]]
*[[Gentoo and distcc]]
*[[Gentoo tips & tricks]]

==External links==
*[http://www.gentoo.org/ Gentoo homepage] (''www.gentoo.org'')
*[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/hpc-howto.xml Gentoo High Performance] (''www.gentoo.org'')
*[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/list.xml Gentoo Docs] (''www.gentoo.org'')
*[http://www.debianadmin.com/gentoo-live-cd-screenshots.html Gentoo Live CD Screenshots Tour] (''www.debianadmin.com'')
*[http://larrythecow.com Larry the Cow -- Gentoo Community Portal] (''larrythecow.com'')
*: a large directory of Gentoo related websites.
*[http://forums.gentoo.org/ Forums] (''forums.gentoo.org'')
*[http://gentoo-portage.com Gentoo-Portage Package DB] (''gentoo-portage.com'')
*[http://gentoo-wiki.com Gentoo Wiki] (''gentoo-wiki.com'')
*[http://breakmygentoo.net BreakMyGentoo] (''breakmygentoo.net'')
*[http://distrocenter.linux.com/article.pl?sid=04/09/10/2148249&tid=108&tid=104 Gentoo 2004.2 review] (''distrocenter.linux.com'')
*[http://planet.gentoo.org/ Planet Gentoo] (''planet.gentoo.org'')

[[Category:Distro]]

List of Linux distributions

2007-02-02T00:26:24Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* Family-Tree distribution listing */ Added wolvix to tree

[http://kernel.org Linux] (''EL'') is a [[kernel]], in itself not an extremely useful piece of software to the user, but very important: it provides hardware resources management, and access to the hardware is necessary to get anything done, of course. To have a fully functional [[operating system]], some basic software is needed as well. A [[GNU/Linux]] [[distribution]] is the complete package. Most modern distributions also come with graphical installers to help with the initial setup.

==Special categories==
*[[Live CD distributions]]
*[[Source distributions]]
*[[Firewall distributions]]
*[[Embedded Linux]]
*[[ISO CD Vendors]]
*[[Linux in Windows]]

==Alphabetical distribution listing==
*[http://www.altlinux.ru ALTLinux] (''EL'')
*[[AMSEL]]
*[[Amigo Linux]]
*[[AndLinux]]
*[[Arch Linux]]
*[[Ark linux]]
*[[ASPLinux]]
*[[Aurox]]
*[[BasicLinux]]
*[[BeatrIX]]
*[[BioKnoppix]]
*[[BLAG]]
*[[Buffalo]]
*[[cAos]]
*[[CentOS]]
*[[ClusterKnoppix]]
*[[CollegeLinux]]
*[[Conectiva]]
*[[Core Linux]]
*[[Crux]]
*[[DamnSmallLinux]]
*[[Debian]]
*[[DeLi Linux]]
*[[Devil-Linux]]
*[[DragonLinux]]
*[[Dyne:Bolic]]
*[[EzPlanet One]]
*[[Elive]]
*[[Feather]]
*[[Fedora]]
*[[Floppix]]
*[[FloppyFW]]
*[[Fnord Linux]]
*[[Foresight]]
*[[Freesco]]
*[[Freespire]]
*[[Frugalware]]
*[[Gentoo]]
*[http://www.goodgoat.com Goodgoat] (''EL'')
*[[Goppex]]
*[[Gnoppix]]
*[[GoboLinux]]
*[[IPCop]]
*[[IpodLinux]]
*[[Kanotix]]
*[[Kate OS]]
*[[KnopILS]]
*[[Knoppix]]
*[[Kubuntu]]
*[[Kurumin]]
*[[Libranet]]
*[[Linspire]], formerly [[LindowsOS]]
*[[Linux From Scratch]]
*[[LNX-BBC]]
*[[Lorma]]
*[[Lunar Linux]]
*[[Lycoris]]
*[[Mandriva]], formerly [[Mandrake]]
*[[Mandows]]
*[[MEPIS]]
*[[Morphix]]
*[[muLinux]]
*[[Myth TV]]
*[[Naked Lady]]
*[[Pardus]]
*[[Peanut]]
*[[Puppy Linux]]
*[[PCLinuxOS]]
*[[PHLAK]]
*[[PocketLinux]]
*[[Red Hat]]
*[[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]]
*[[Rifai Linux]]
*[[Rinux]]
*[[RiOZ]]
*[[ROCK Linux]]
*[[Rubyx]]
*[[Skole Linux]]
*[[Slackware]]
*[[SLAX]]
*[[SmoothWall]]
*[[SOL (Server Optimized Linux)]]
*[[SOT Linux]]
*[[Source Mage]]
*[[SPB-Linux]]
*[[Sun JDS]]
*[[SuSE]]
*[[SystemRescue]]
*[[Thiz]]
*[[tinysofa]]
*[[TopologiLinux]]
*[[Trustix Secure Linux]]
*[[TurboLinux]]
*[[Turkix]]
*[[Ubuntu Linux]]
*[[Ultima Linux]]
*[[Underground Desktop]]
*[[VectorLinux]]
*[[Vida Linux]]
*[[WHAX]]
*[[Whitebox Linux]]
*[[Wolvix]]
*[[Yellow Dog Linux]]
*[[Yoper]]
*[[Xandros]]
*[[Zenwalk Linux]] formerly [[MiniSlack]]

==Family-Tree distribution listing==
*[[AMSEL]]
*[[Arch Linux]]
*[[Core Linux]]
*[[Crux]]
*[[Debian]]
*#[[Corel Linux]]
*##[[Xandros]]
*#[[DamnSmallLinux]]
*#[[Floppix]]
*#[[Knoppix]]
*##[[BioKnoppix]]
*##[[ClusterKnoppix]]
*##[[Feather]]
*##[[Gnoppix]]
*##[[Kanotix]]
*##[[KnopILS]]
*##[[Kurumin]]
*##[[MEPIS]]
*##[[Morphix]]
*###[[PHLAK]]
*#[[Libranet]]
*#[[Linspire]], formerly [[LindowsOS]]
*#[[Skole Linux]]
*#[[Ubuntu]]
*##[[BeatrIX]]
*##[[Kubuntu]]
*##[[Xubuntu]]
*##[[Flubuntu]]
*#[[Underground Desktop]]
*[[Devil-Linux]]
*[[Dyne:Bolic]]
*[[Gentoo]]
*#[[SystemRescue]]
*#[[Vida Linux]]
*#[[Goppex]]
*#[[Pardus]]
*[[GoboLinux]]
*[[IPCop]]
*[[IpodLinux]]
*[[Linux From Scratch]]
*[[LNX-BBC]]
*[[Lunar Linux]]
*[[Lycoris]]
*#[[Mandows]]
*[[muLinux]]
*[[Red Hat]]
*#[[Ark linux]]
*#[[Aurox]]
*#[[BLAG]]
*#[[cAos]]
*#[[Conectiva]]
*#[[Fedora]]
*##[[ASPLinux]]
*##[[tinysofa]]
*#[[Lorma]]
*#[[Mandrake]]
*##[[PCLinuxOS]]
*##[[ALTLinux]]
*##[[Turkix]]
*#[[Redhat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)]]
*##[[CentOS]]
*##[[Whitebox_Linux]]
*#[[SOT Linux]]
*#[[Thiz]]
*#[[Trustix Secure Linux]]
*#[[TurboLinux]]
*#[[Whitebox Linux]]
*#[[Yellow Dog Linux]]
*[[ROCK Linux]]
*[[Rubyx]]
*[[Slackware]]
*#[[Zenwalk Linux]] formerly [[MiniSlack]]
*#[[Amigo Linux]]
*#[[BasicLinux]]
*#[[CollegeLinux]]
*#[[DeLi Linux]]
*#[[DragonLinux]] -- currently inactive
*#[[Peanut]]
*#[[Slax]]
*##[[Wolvix]]
*#[[Ultima Linux]]
*#[[VectorLinux]]
*#[[Buffalo]]
*[[SmoothWall]]
*[[SOL (Server Optimized Linux)]]
*[[Source Mage]]
*[[SPB-Linux]]
*[[SuSE]]
*#[[Sun JDS]]
*[[Yoper]]

Don't know what distribution is right for you? See [[Choosing a Linux distribution]].

==External links==
===Sites with distro lists===
*[http://www.alllinuxcd.com AllLinuxCD.com] (''www.alllinuxcd.com'')
*:Nice website where you can choose and purchase from several common distrobutions.
*[http://www.distromania.com Distromania.com] (''www.distromania.com'')
*:Extensive list of distros with latest version beside it. Includes a download for all the listed distros as well.
*[http://distrocenter.linux.com/ Linux.com Distrocenter] (''distrocenter.linux.com'')
*:Not a very long list but includes all the majore distrobutions.
*[http://www.linux.org/dist/index.html Linux.org] (''www.linux.org'')
*:Great site that includes a search tool that lets you search for distro based on language, platform, and category.
*[http://www.linuxiso.org Linuxiso.org] (''www.linuxiso.org'')
*:Simple and straight to the point. Includes the most popular distros with links to download the latest version.
*[http://www.distrowatch.org Distrowatch.org] (''www.distrowatch.org'')
*:Excellent site that includes articles on just about every disto. Links for downloading are also provided.
*[http://www.osdir.com/ osdir.com] (''www.osdir.com'')
*:This has screenshots of all Distro GREAT BEFORE Picking one
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Linux_distributions Wikipedia List of Distributions] (''en.wikipedia.org'')
*:Includes exhaustive list of Linux distrobutions with a relativly independent review of each. Warning, some may no longer be actively maintained!

[[Category:Distro| ]]

List of Linux distributions

2007-02-02T00:25:14Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* Alphabetical distribution listing */ Added wolvix

[http://kernel.org Linux] (''EL'') is a [[kernel]], in itself not an extremely useful piece of software to the user, but very important: it provides hardware resources management, and access to the hardware is necessary to get anything done, of course. To have a fully functional [[operating system]], some basic software is needed as well. A [[GNU/Linux]] [[distribution]] is the complete package. Most modern distributions also come with graphical installers to help with the initial setup.

==Special categories==
*[[Live CD distributions]]
*[[Source distributions]]
*[[Firewall distributions]]
*[[Embedded Linux]]
*[[ISO CD Vendors]]
*[[Linux in Windows]]

==Alphabetical distribution listing==
*[http://www.altlinux.ru ALTLinux] (''EL'')
*[[AMSEL]]
*[[Amigo Linux]]
*[[AndLinux]]
*[[Arch Linux]]
*[[Ark linux]]
*[[ASPLinux]]
*[[Aurox]]
*[[BasicLinux]]
*[[BeatrIX]]
*[[BioKnoppix]]
*[[BLAG]]
*[[Buffalo]]
*[[cAos]]
*[[CentOS]]
*[[ClusterKnoppix]]
*[[CollegeLinux]]
*[[Conectiva]]
*[[Core Linux]]
*[[Crux]]
*[[DamnSmallLinux]]
*[[Debian]]
*[[DeLi Linux]]
*[[Devil-Linux]]
*[[DragonLinux]]
*[[Dyne:Bolic]]
*[[EzPlanet One]]
*[[Elive]]
*[[Feather]]
*[[Fedora]]
*[[Floppix]]
*[[FloppyFW]]
*[[Fnord Linux]]
*[[Foresight]]
*[[Freesco]]
*[[Freespire]]
*[[Frugalware]]
*[[Gentoo]]
*[http://www.goodgoat.com Goodgoat] (''EL'')
*[[Goppex]]
*[[Gnoppix]]
*[[GoboLinux]]
*[[IPCop]]
*[[IpodLinux]]
*[[Kanotix]]
*[[Kate OS]]
*[[KnopILS]]
*[[Knoppix]]
*[[Kubuntu]]
*[[Kurumin]]
*[[Libranet]]
*[[Linspire]], formerly [[LindowsOS]]
*[[Linux From Scratch]]
*[[LNX-BBC]]
*[[Lorma]]
*[[Lunar Linux]]
*[[Lycoris]]
*[[Mandriva]], formerly [[Mandrake]]
*[[Mandows]]
*[[MEPIS]]
*[[Morphix]]
*[[muLinux]]
*[[Myth TV]]
*[[Naked Lady]]
*[[Pardus]]
*[[Peanut]]
*[[Puppy Linux]]
*[[PCLinuxOS]]
*[[PHLAK]]
*[[PocketLinux]]
*[[Red Hat]]
*[[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]]
*[[Rifai Linux]]
*[[Rinux]]
*[[RiOZ]]
*[[ROCK Linux]]
*[[Rubyx]]
*[[Skole Linux]]
*[[Slackware]]
*[[SLAX]]
*[[SmoothWall]]
*[[SOL (Server Optimized Linux)]]
*[[SOT Linux]]
*[[Source Mage]]
*[[SPB-Linux]]
*[[Sun JDS]]
*[[SuSE]]
*[[SystemRescue]]
*[[Thiz]]
*[[tinysofa]]
*[[TopologiLinux]]
*[[Trustix Secure Linux]]
*[[TurboLinux]]
*[[Turkix]]
*[[Ubuntu Linux]]
*[[Ultima Linux]]
*[[Underground Desktop]]
*[[VectorLinux]]
*[[Vida Linux]]
*[[WHAX]]
*[[Whitebox Linux]]
*[[Wolvix]]
*[[Yellow Dog Linux]]
*[[Yoper]]
*[[Xandros]]
*[[Zenwalk Linux]] formerly [[MiniSlack]]

==Family-Tree distribution listing==
*[[AMSEL]]
*[[Arch Linux]]
*[[Core Linux]]
*[[Crux]]
*[[Debian]]
*#[[Corel Linux]]
*##[[Xandros]]
*#[[DamnSmallLinux]]
*#[[Floppix]]
*#[[Knoppix]]
*##[[BioKnoppix]]
*##[[ClusterKnoppix]]
*##[[Feather]]
*##[[Gnoppix]]
*##[[Kanotix]]
*##[[KnopILS]]
*##[[Kurumin]]
*##[[MEPIS]]
*##[[Morphix]]
*###[[PHLAK]]
*#[[Libranet]]
*#[[Linspire]], formerly [[LindowsOS]]
*#[[Skole Linux]]
*#[[Ubuntu]]
*##[[BeatrIX]]
*##[[Kubuntu]]
*##[[Xubuntu]]
*##[[Flubuntu]]
*#[[Underground Desktop]]
*[[Devil-Linux]]
*[[Dyne:Bolic]]
*[[Gentoo]]
*#[[SystemRescue]]
*#[[Vida Linux]]
*#[[Goppex]]
*#[[Pardus]]
*[[GoboLinux]]
*[[IPCop]]
*[[IpodLinux]]
*[[Linux From Scratch]]
*[[LNX-BBC]]
*[[Lunar Linux]]
*[[Lycoris]]
*#[[Mandows]]
*[[muLinux]]
*[[Red Hat]]
*#[[Ark linux]]
*#[[Aurox]]
*#[[BLAG]]
*#[[cAos]]
*#[[Conectiva]]
*#[[Fedora]]
*##[[ASPLinux]]
*##[[tinysofa]]
*#[[Lorma]]
*#[[Mandrake]]
*##[[PCLinuxOS]]
*##[[ALTLinux]]
*##[[Turkix]]
*#[[Redhat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)]]
*##[[CentOS]]
*##[[Whitebox_Linux]]
*#[[SOT Linux]]
*#[[Thiz]]
*#[[Trustix Secure Linux]]
*#[[TurboLinux]]
*#[[Whitebox Linux]]
*#[[Yellow Dog Linux]]
*[[ROCK Linux]]
*[[Rubyx]]
*[[Slackware]]
*#[[Zenwalk Linux]] formerly [[MiniSlack]]
*#[[Amigo Linux]]
*#[[BasicLinux]]
*#[[CollegeLinux]]
*#[[DeLi Linux]]
*#[[DragonLinux]] -- currently inactive
*#[[Peanut]]
*#[[Slax]]
*#[[Ultima Linux]]
*#[[VectorLinux]]
*#[[Buffalo]]
*[[SmoothWall]]
*[[SOL (Server Optimized Linux)]]
*[[Source Mage]]
*[[SPB-Linux]]
*[[SuSE]]
*#[[Sun JDS]]
*[[Yoper]]

Don't know what distribution is right for you? See [[Choosing a Linux distribution]].

==External links==
===Sites with distro lists===
*[http://www.alllinuxcd.com AllLinuxCD.com] (''www.alllinuxcd.com'')
*:Nice website where you can choose and purchase from several common distrobutions.
*[http://www.distromania.com Distromania.com] (''www.distromania.com'')
*:Extensive list of distros with latest version beside it. Includes a download for all the listed distros as well.
*[http://distrocenter.linux.com/ Linux.com Distrocenter] (''distrocenter.linux.com'')
*:Not a very long list but includes all the majore distrobutions.
*[http://www.linux.org/dist/index.html Linux.org] (''www.linux.org'')
*:Great site that includes a search tool that lets you search for distro based on language, platform, and category.
*[http://www.linuxiso.org Linuxiso.org] (''www.linuxiso.org'')
*:Simple and straight to the point. Includes the most popular distros with links to download the latest version.
*[http://www.distrowatch.org Distrowatch.org] (''www.distrowatch.org'')
*:Excellent site that includes articles on just about every disto. Links for downloading are also provided.
*[http://www.osdir.com/ osdir.com] (''www.osdir.com'')
*:This has screenshots of all Distro GREAT BEFORE Picking one
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Linux_distributions Wikipedia List of Distributions] (''en.wikipedia.org'')
*:Includes exhaustive list of Linux distrobutions with a relativly independent review of each. Warning, some may no longer be actively maintained!

[[Category:Distro| ]]

Future Tech

2007-02-01T22:16:04Z

PenguinOfWonder: Tidied up links section

Future Tech

* [[New Hardware]]
* [[PDA | PDAs]]
* [[Tablet PC | Tablet PCs]]
* [[Non-Stable Kernels]]

Upcoming Desktop Software

* [http://galago.sf.net Galago] (''galago.sf.net'')
*:This is a unified desktop "presence" framework, which allows instant messengers and other chat programs to broadcast information on who is online and what their status is. Other parts of the desktop like email programs, web browsers etc can watch this information and use it to present a better interface. It's in the early stages of development but shows great potential for the future.

* [http://autopackage.org/ autopackage] (''autopackage.org'')
*:a software installation framework for Linux that hopes to make installing programs far easier in future

* [http://www.nat.org/dashboard/ Dashboard] (''www.nat.org'')
*:The Dashboard watches what you are doing on the desktop and ties information from many different sources together into a coherant whole. This is sort of a dynamic, constantly updating search engine. Still in the early stages.

* [http://beaglewiki.org/Main_Page Beagle] (''beaglewiki.org'')
*: A search tool for your ''personal information space'': documents, web bookmarks, instant messages, emails, music, source code, etc.

==Links==
*[[Hardware]]

Talk:LinuxQuestions.org Wiki

2007-02-01T22:14:33Z

PenguinOfWonder:

Another pointless article.
 --[[User:PenguinOfWonder|PenguinOfWonder]] 17:14, February 1, 2007 (EST)

Apt-get

2007-02-01T22:13:34Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* external links= */ stray equal sign

'''apt-get''' is the command to initialize [[Debian]]'s native package management utility/application "[[Apt]]". This tool has also been ported to a number of other [[distribution]]s.

You use the apt-get command to install and remove software packages from your system (one at a time or many at once), as well as update your system's internal listing of what packages are available from your currently selected list or repositories.

==Tips==
to install a package:
:<code># apt-get install NameOfPackage</code>

to reinstall a package
:<code># apt-get install --reinstall NameOfPackage</code>

to remove a package:
:<code># apt-get remove NameOfPackage</code>

to remove a package and configuration file:
:<code># apt-get --purge remove NameOfPackage</code>

to search for a package:
:<code># apt-cache search NameOfPackage</code>

to update the repository (list of avalible .deb's):
:<code># apt-get update</code>

to upgrade your system (can be useful in maintaining an up-to-date system):
:<code># apt-get upgrade</code>

to upgrade your distribution (tries to choose packages needed to upgrade your dist):
:<code># apt-get dist-upgrade</code>

to enable smart-tab completion, add the line
:<code>source /etc/bash_completion</code>
to your .bashrc file. When you enter a command like "apt-get install a<tab>," bash will auto-complete the entry.

to see a short list of common commands:
:<code># apt-get --help</code>

==Extra==
Try running
:<code>apt-get moo
(__)
(oo)
/------\/
/ | ||
* /\---/\
~~ ~~
...."Have you mooed today?"...
</code>

==Using with other distributions==
You can go to [http://apt.freshrpms.net Freshrpms] to find apt-get tools for distributions other than Debian. After apt-get is installed, the command line syntax is the same as that listed above for Debian.

==Trouble-shooting with RPM-based distributions==
Sometimes apt-get will complain about being unable to lock a specific directory. Many of these problems can be remedied with the following commands.

rm /var/lock/rpm/transaction
rm /var/lib/rpm/__db*
rm /var/cache/apt/archives/lock

==See also==
*[[aptitude]]
*[[synaptic]]
*[[dselect]]
*[[dpkg]]
*[[dpkg-reconfigure]]

==external links==
*[http://www.debianhelp.co.uk/pkgadm.htm Complete Debian Package Administration Guide] (''www.debianhelp.co.uk'')

[[category:Debian]]
[[category:Installation]]
[[category:Command]]

Talk:Find out your distribution

2007-02-01T22:12:46Z

PenguinOfWonder:

This page makes absolutely no sense. According to this page, if I want to find out what distribution I'm using I already have to know what distribution I'm using. Thats the most absurd thing I've ever heard. Is there a "candidate for deletion option?"

If the page is about finding out what version of your distribution your using, then this page's content does not make its title.
 --[[User:PenguinOfWonder|PenguinOfWonder]] 17:11, February 1, 2007 (EST)

Talk:Find out your distribution

2007-02-01T22:11:30Z

PenguinOfWonder: Discussion

This page makes absolutely no sense. According to this page, if I want to find out what distribution I'm using I already have to know what distribution I'm using. Thats the most absurd thing I've ever heard. Is there a "candidate for deletion option?"
 --[[User:PenguinOfWonder|PenguinOfWonder]] 17:11, February 1, 2007 (EST)

USE flags

2007-02-01T21:46:15Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* See also */ added paludis

'''USE flags''' are used by [[Gentoo|Gentoo's]] [[portage]] and [[emerge]], to configure which features should be compiled into the software's binary. This allows software installed to have only the features needed by the user leading to a faster more stable environment.

==Setting flags==
===/etc/make.conf===
The USE flags are set in <tt>/etc/make.conf</tt>, where other portage features can be tweaked. A simple setting could look like:

<tt><code><pre>
USE="gnome gtk2 dvd -kde"
</pre></code></tt>

These flags tell portage to compile packages optimised for [[Gnome]] and with dvd functionality, the <tt>"-kde"</tt> means kde functionality will not be compiled into packages (if option between gnome and kde exists for a package).

===ufed===
There are a huge number of possible use flags [http://gentoo-portage.com/USE] too numerous to list here each tweaking package features to a users precise requirements. To help there is a utility called [[ufed]] ('''U'''se '''F'''lag '''Ed'''itor), which uses a simple text-based [[GUI]] to select USE flags. This can be installed using emerge:
<tt><code><pre>
emerge -av ufed
</pre></code></tt>

The selections are written to <tt>/etc/make.conf</tt> in alphabetical order.

==Updating system after USE flag change==
If after installation of a package the USE flags are altered, the system can be updated to reflect the changes using emerge:

<tt><code><pre>
emerge --newuse --update --ask --deep world
</pre></code></tt>

==See also==
*[[Gentoo]]
*[[Portage]]
*[[Emerge]]
*[[Paludis]]
*[[Gentoo tips & tricks]]

==External Links==
*[http://gentoo-portage.com/USE USE flag list] (''gentoo-portage.com'')
*[http://www.gentoo.org Gentoo official site] (''www.gentoo.org'')

Make.conf

2007-02-01T21:43:39Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* USE */ added some more variables

=Make.conf=
Your make.conf file located in /etc/make.conf is file used by [[portage]] as its primary source of information on how to setup your system. If your not running [[Gentoo]] you don't have a make.conf file so you can move on. Within your make.conf file you will find a host of options that will determine what and how your system will function.

==CFLAGS==
These flags tell the compiler what type of system you are using along with any optimizations you would like to include. For example a typical AMD64 setup may look like so:
 CFLAGS="-march=athlon64 -O2 -pipe"

==CHOST==
This variable is set during install and should only be edited if you know what you are doing. It tells the computer what architecture you are running.
 CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"

==CXXFLAGS==
This variable is generally set to mirror your CFLAGS setting, but can be set differently, again, if you know what you are doing.
 CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"

==MAKEOPTS==
This option tells the complier how many simultaneous threads it can compile at one time. Thus it usually set at your processor plus one. So for a single core processor:
 MAKEOPTS="-j2"

==GENTOO_MIRROS==
This setting tells [[portage]] which servers it can search for the programs you wish to install.

==SYNC==
This option tells [[portage]] which server to use in order to sync itself. After syncing [[portage]] will then know what the latest version of each file is and have an update collection of ebuilds to build packages with.

==USE==
This is the variable for which [[Gentoo]] is famous. Here you tell what settings you like to take effect system wide. For a fresh install which will eventually use Gnome, a good example would be:
 USE="gtk gnome X alsa cdr dvd"

==VIDEO_CARDS==
This variable is used by [[portage]] so when emerging X it knows which drivers to pull in. If you had an nVidia card for example:
 VIDEO_CARDS="nvidia"

==INPUT_DEVICES==
This variable again is used by [[portage]] in order to know which packages it needs to pull in while emerge X. A typical setup would look like:
INPUT_DEVICES="keyboard mouse"

=Non-Standard Options=
The above list only included options that standard to every make.conf file. There are naturally other options that you can include in your make.conf to further refine your system.

==FEATURES==
The variable allows you to enable and disable various features of [[portage]] that are not enabled or disabled by default.

==EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPS==
This option allows you to set which options you would [[portage]] to always use when issuing a command. For example if you want [[portage]] to always run in verbose mode:
 EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS="--verbose"

Make.conf

2007-02-01T21:37:31Z

PenguinOfWonder: New page on the make.conf file for Gentoo

Gentoo tips & tricks

2007-02-01T21:26:05Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* See also */ added link

This is a collection of '''tips & tricks''' for the peculiarities of [[Gentoo]].

== Use flags ==
[[USE flags]] are the way Gentoo organizes the compile time options. This is a feature that sets Gentoo apart from other distributions. While USE flags are set during the install, you can go back and change them at anytime. If you do, make sure that you use Portage to recompile any programs that might take advantage of any use flag changes. Also, when using Portage to install new programs, you can request it to compile that program with a USE flag specifically for it. You can list them in your make.conf . See the external links below for more information.

===Tools===
ufed = use flag editor, emerge ufed, then run ufed as root

A problem with ufed, is that it organizes your useflags alphabetically, So if you added an experimental one by hand in your make.conf, it will be hidden amongst your countless others.

=== Files ===
/etc/make.conf has a use flag section in it.

===Rebuilding what needs to be rebuilt ===
emerge -pev world | grep 'gtk' | awk '{print "=" $4}'

(rac's line)
swap gtk for the useflag of you choice

The above method will work, but is extremely ineffcient. Portage comes with a command created just for this purpose. If you've added a new USE flag to your make.conf then just run
emerge --udate --newuse world

== Masked packages ==
A lot of times you'll want to emerge a masked package (or a masked version of one). One short way to do this is <code>ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="~x86" emerge package</code> (replace x86 with your architecture). A slightly shorter way is to create a file called <code>/usr/sbin/expmerge</code>, with the following contents:
<pre>#!/bin/sh
ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="~x86" emerge $*</pre>
Then just <code>expmerge package</code>.
Mixing unstable with stable packages can lead to problems, so it's recommended you pick one type and use it all the time. This is more important for libraries rather then programs.

NOTE: the aforementioned method of emerging masked packages is deprecated and unsupported. please use /etc/portage/ (man portage, man emerge) This is used by:
<pre>echo "package-category/package-name" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords</pre>

== Emerge tips ==
*emerge sync -- syncs portage with the lateset tree
*emerge world -uDp, -- list things to be updated 
*emerge world -uD -- get almost everything updated 
*revdep-rebuild -- check for packages that break by rebuilding a dependancy
*'''WARNING''' emerge -U -- will break your system guaranteed

==Gentoo & KDE==
Remember - when installing [[KDE]] on Gentoo, you don't have to install every kde package. Instead, you can simply choose to install a "small" subset of them - ''for example'':

<pre># emerge kdebase kdeartwork</pre>

Prior to this, if you want to check out what packages would be installed, use the --pretend option - ''for example'':

<pre># emerge --pretend kdebase kdeartwork | less</pre>

(As a useful alternative to --pretend, you could use the --ask option - see ''man emerge'' for more information).

N.B - As of KDE 3.4 onwards, you will be able to utilise ''split ebuilds'' - this approach enables you to install individual KDE applications, without a plethora of other KDE apps automatically being installed (as in the monolithic approach).

==See also==
*[[Installing Slackware and Gentoo]]
*[[USE flags]]
*[[emerge]]
*[[paludis]]
*[[Common tasks]]
*[[Distribution specific tips and tricks]]
*[[Gentoo and distcc]]

== External links==
* [http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic.php?t=157851 A sorted list of useflags for make.conf] (''forums.gentoo.org'').
* [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=2&chap=1 Gentoo Portage Documentation] (''www.gentoo.org'')

[[Category:Gentoo]]

Installing software

2007-02-01T21:23:03Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* QuickStart */ Added some Gentoo info, spelling

This article explains how you can install software to your Linux system.

=QuickStart=
First step for you is to [[find out your distribution]]. Then try to install the software by means of your [[distribution]]. If that is not possible, you will have to download the software from the [[internet]] and [[build]] it.

For example, if you want to install [[firefox]], this is how you [[install]] it:

[[SuSE]]:
[[yast2]] -i firefox
[[Fedora]]:
[[yum]] install firefox
[[Debian]], [[Kubuntu|KUbuntu]], [[Ubuntu]]:
[[apt-get]] install firefox
[[Gentoo]]:
[[emerge]] firefox
[[paludis]] -i firefox

==Graphical package managers==
Most distributions come with administration tools to facilitate installation and removal of software packages. These graphical package manager [[frontend]]s also take care of downloading and installation of other necessary packages, and can perform security updates of your system.

Using one of these tools will greatly '''facilitate software installation and removal''' on your system, as compared to searching on [[rpmfind]] or [[Compilation From Source]]. Power users and developers tend to favor installation from source.

* [[Red Hat]] uses [[RPM]] packages.
** high-level tools: [[up2date]], [[Synaptic]] (See [[Fedora, Synaptic Package Manager, finding Repositories, listing RPMs, previously installed]] for downloading, installation, and use of Synaptic.
** lower-level tools: [[apt-get]], [[Yum]]
** low-level tool: [[rpm]]

* [[SuSE]] uses [[RPM]] packages.
** high-level tool: [[YAST]]
** low-level tool: [[rpm]]

* [[Mandrake]] uses [[RPM]] packages.
** high-level tool: [[rpmdrake]]
** lower-level tool: [[URPMI]]
** low-level tool: [[rpm]]
** read the [http://www.urpmi.org/easyurpmi/index.php EasyURPMI page] to update your installation sources and search and install packages from the web automagically.

* [[Debian]] (and distros built on Debian, such as [[Knoppix]]) uses [[DEB]] packages.
** high-level tools: [[synaptic]], [[gnome-apt]] and [[Kynaptic]]
** lower-level tool: [[apt-get]]
** low-level tool: [[dpkg]]
** see the excellent section on the [[Apt]]-suite for more information on software installation on Debian systems.

* [[Gentoo]] builds software from source (though binary installation is possible). Gentoo does not have an official GUI for portage, though other users have made some.
** tools: [[portage]], [[emerge]] and [[paludis]]
** Graphical front ends: [[porthole]]
* [[Slackware]] uses [[TGZ]] packages.
** high-level tools: [[gslapt]], [[gnome-pkgtool]], [[qtswaret]]
** lower-level tools: [[slapt-get]], [[swaret]], [[slackpkg]]
** low-level tool: [[pkgtool]]

==Pre-compiled binaries==
Most Linux distributions today use this method - software packages are built on some conventionally-configured computer, then packaged up for downloading or distribution on CDs. The advantages are speed, standardization, and simplicity - minimal time and tools are required to get a particular piece of software running.

* [[TGZ]] - the longest-lasting form of package management, used by [[Slackware]] and its descendants. Something that confuses many newcomers is the extension. All Slackware packages end in '.tgz' but not all '.tgz' files are Slackware packages. Slackware packages are essentially gzipped tar files of binaries. Ordinarily, non-Slackware gzipped tar files will have the extension '.tar.gz' but sometimes are called '.tgz' as well. Which it is should be clear, based on where you download it but, if not, executing <tt>file</tt> name_of_file.tgz (or just trying to install it) will identify it.

* [[RPM]] - the RedHat Package Manager format, described at [http://www.rpm.org/ www.rpm.org]. This format is used by [[Red Hat]], [[SuSE]], and [[Mandrake]]. You can search for recent RPMs for your system using [[rpmfind]].

* [[DEB]] - the Debian package format. This is used by [[Debian]] and [[Debian]]-based distributions, such as [[Knoppix]].

* [[klik]] - a mechanism aiming at installing with one click an application for all distributions including all dependencies.

* [[CPAN]] - an installation mechanism independent from the distribution, but dependent on the programming language; only available for [[Perl]].

==[[Compilation from source]]==
Some newer distributions are adopting this method. Rather than compiling a software package, the distributor makes the source available, perhaps with some modifications, along with a "recipe" for configuring it and installing it on an end-user's computer. The advantages of this method are optimization and customization - software is built to take advantage of the hardware you have, rather than falling back on a least common denominator, and you exercise considerable control over how the program is built, what features are included, and so forth.

* [[Portage]] is the [[Gentoo]] distribution's system for handling the downloading, compilation and installation of Gentoo packages.

* [[Compilation from source with checkinstall]]. You can combine the best of both worlds (the easy management of binary packages with the flexibility of compilation from source) by using the program [[checkinstall]]. It generates a [[RPM]] , [[DEB]] or [[TGZ]] binary package from the source compilation, and then installs it. You can manage the resulting package as any other package in your system.

* [[Compilation from Source by Hand]]. This isn't nearly as hard as it sounds, and it is a really useful skill to have. Typically, you will invoke
** [[configure]]
** [[make]]
** [[make]] [[install]]

[[Category:Installation]]
[[Category:Tips]]

User:PenguinOfWonder

2007-02-01T21:17:16Z

PenguinOfWonder: User page

=Penguin of Wonder=
I use Gentoo Linux. I'm on LQ.org Forums as well under the same name. I find this wiki limiting so I don't do much here, though I am quite active on the LQ forums. If your interested, read my blog:
 [http://livingwithpenguins.blogspot.com/ Living with Penguins]

Paludis

2007-02-01T20:49:59Z

PenguinOfWonder: New page Paludis - the other package mangler

Gentoo

2007-02-01T20:35:51Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* Installing Masked Packages */ added tip

http://www.gentoo.org/images/powered-small.png

'''Gentoo''' is a special flavor of [[Linux]] that can be automatically optimized and customized for just about any application or need. Extreme performance, configurability, and a top-notch user and developer community are all hallmarks of the Gentoo experience. 'The word ''"gentoo"'' is the name for a species of penguins [http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/Peter_and_Barbara_Barham/gentoo.htm].'

Thanks to a technology called [[Portage]], Gentoo Linux can become an ideal secure server, development workstation, professional desktop, gaming system, embedded solution or whatever you need it to be. Because of its near-unlimited adaptability, Gentoo Linux is called a [[metadistribution]].

Portage is the heart of Gentoo Linux, and performs many key functions. Your local Portage tree contains a complete collection of scripts that can be used by Portage to compile and install the latest Gentoo packages. Currently, there are over 6000 packages in the Portage tree, with new ones being added all the time. Installing a new application is as easy as:

:<tt># [[emerge]] packagename</tt>

The application will then be downloaded and automatically [[Compilation_From_Source|compiled from source]], with compile-time options selected according to preferences you set during installation in your [[make.conf]] file, (i.e. with or without support for [[X]], [[PNG]]s, [[JPEG]]s, [[Gnome]], etc). N.B - Portage will automatically cater for any dependencies when installing software.

[[Daniel Robbins]] is Gentoo's chief architect. You can read his philosophy of Gentoo Linux [http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/philosophy.xml here].

== Gentoo help resources ==
If you are looking for help on Gentoo Linux, the Gentoo forums[http://forums.gentoo.org] are an excellent resource and are full of both friendly and knowledgeable people. The IRC room at irc.freenode.net called #gentoo is also a place to find community around Gentoo. Before checking either of those, visit the Gentoo documentation site[http://www.gentoo.org/doc], where many high-quality documents have been published on common and not-so-common issues.

== Break my gentoo ==
Even though Gentoo is a bleeding edge distro, there are some packages that are not installable immediately. Check out http://www.breakmygentoo.net/ for all the latest portage files to install the latest software.

== Gentoo server project wiki ==
The Gentoo Server Project Wiki is located at http://www.subverted.net/wakka. The Gentoo Server Project has [[mission-critical reliability]] as it's goal, but mostly serves as glue for the official Gentoo documentation.
Includes [[case studies]] and articles.

==Installing Masked Packages==
Some packages in the portage tree are "masked" i.e. marked as unstable, and cannot be installed on a default system. To emerge a masked package (or a masked version of one) prefix the emerge command as follows <code>ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="~x86" emerge package</code> (replace x86 with your architecture). A slightly shorter way is to create a script called <code>/usr/sbin/expmerge</code>, with the following contents:
<pre>#!/bin/sh
ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="~x86" emerge $*</pre>
Then after marking as executable (<code>chown root:root /usr/sbin/expmerge && chmod ug+wrx /usr/sbin/expmerge</code>) just <code>expmerge package</code>.
Mixing unstable with stable packages can lead to problems, so it's recommended you pick one type and use it all the time. This is more important for libraries rather then programs. To use masked packages for the entire system add to /etc/make.conf: 
 <code>ACCEPT_KEYOWORDS="~x86"</code> 
 
Another technique is to create the file /etc/portage/package.keywords and add the packages that you want to always use the unstable version, for example: 
 
<code>media-video/nvidia-kernel ~x86
media-video/nvidia-glx ~x86
x11-base/opengl-update ~x86
media-sound/beep-media-player ~x86
x11-misc/transset ~x86</code>
To easily add new items to this file simply:

 <code>echo "app-editors/vim ~x86" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords</code> 

Then when you upgrade these packages will remain ~x86 

==See also==
*[[Installing Slackware and Gentoo]]
*[[Gentoo and distcc]]
*[[Gentoo tips & tricks]]

==External links==
*[http://www.gentoo.org/ Gentoo homepage] (''www.gentoo.org'')
*[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/hpc-howto.xml Gentoo High Performance] (''www.gentoo.org'')
*[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/list.xml Gentoo Docs] (''www.gentoo.org'')
*[http://www.debianadmin.com/gentoo-live-cd-screenshots.html Gentoo Live CD Screenshots Tour] (''www.debianadmin.com'')
*[http://larrythecow.com Larry the Cow -- Gentoo Community Portal] (''larrythecow.com'')
*: a large directory of Gentoo related websites.
*[http://forums.gentoo.org/ Forums] (''forums.gentoo.org'')
*[http://gentoo-portage.com Gentoo-Portage Package DB] (''gentoo-portage.com'')
*[http://gentoo-wiki.com Gentoo Wiki] (''gentoo-wiki.com'')
*[http://breakmygentoo.net BreakMyGentoo] (''breakmygentoo.net'')
*[http://distrocenter.linux.com/article.pl?sid=04/09/10/2148249&tid=108&tid=104 Gentoo 2004.2 review] (''distrocenter.linux.com'')
*[http://planet.gentoo.org/ Planet Gentoo] (''planet.gentoo.org'')

[[Category:Distro]]

Gentoo tips & tricks

2006-09-27T19:17:48Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* Rebuilding what needs to be rebuilt */

This is a collection of '''tips & tricks''' for the peculiarities of [[Gentoo]].

== Use flags ==
[[USE flags]] are the way Gentoo organizes the compile time options. This is a feature that sets Gentoo apart from other distributions. While USE flags are set during the install, you can go back and change them at anytime. If you do, make sure that you use Portage to recompile any programs that might take advantage of any use flag changes. Also, when using Portage to install new programs, you can request it to compile that program with a USE flag specifically for it. You can list them in your make.conf . See the external links below for more information.

===Tools===
ufed = use flag editor, emerge ufed, then run ufed as root

A problem with ufed, is that it organizes your useflags alphabetically, So if you added an experimental one by hand in your make.conf, it will be hidden amongst your countless others.

=== Files ===
/etc/make.conf has a use flag section in it.

===Rebuilding what needs to be rebuilt ===
emerge -pev world | grep 'gtk' | awk '{print "=" $4}'

(rac's line)
swap gtk for the useflag of you choice

The above method will work, but is extremely ineffcient. Portage comes with a command created just for this purpose. If you've added a new USE flag to your make.conf then just run
emerge --udate --newuse world

== Masked packages ==
A lot of times you'll want to emerge a masked package (or a masked version of one). One short way to do this is <code>ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="~x86" emerge package</code> (replace x86 with your architecture). A slightly shorter way is to create a file called <code>/usr/sbin/expmerge</code>, with the following contents:
<pre>#!/bin/sh
ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="~x86" emerge $*</pre>
Then just <code>expmerge package</code>.
Mixing unstable with stable packages can lead to problems, so it's recommended you pick one type and use it all the time. This is more important for libraries rather then programs.

NOTE: the aforementioned method of emerging masked packages is deprecated and unsupported. please use /etc/portage/ (man portage, man emerge) This is used by:
<pre>echo "package-category/package-name" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords</pre>

== Emerge tips ==
*emerge sync -- syncs portage with the lateset tree
*emerge world -uDp, -- list things to be updated 
*emerge world -uD -- get almost everything updated 
*revdep-rebuild -- check for packages that break by rebuilding a dependancy
*'''WARNING''' emerge -U -- will break your system guaranteed

==Gentoo & KDE==
Remember - when installing [[KDE]] on Gentoo, you don't have to install every kde package. Instead, you can simply choose to install a "small" subset of them - ''for example'':

<pre># emerge kdebase kdeartwork</pre>

Prior to this, if you want to check out what packages would be installed, use the --pretend option - ''for example'':

<pre># emerge --pretend kdebase kdeartwork | less</pre>

(As a useful alternative to --pretend, you could use the --ask option - see ''man emerge'' for more information).

N.B - As of KDE 3.4 onwards, you will be able to utilise ''split ebuilds'' - this approach enables you to install individual KDE applications, without a plethora of other KDE apps automatically being installed (as in the monolithic approach).

==See also==
*[[Common tasks]]
*[[Distribution specific tips and tricks]]
*[[Gentoo and distcc]]

== External links==
* [http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic.php?t=157851 A sorted list of useflags for make.conf].
* [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=2&chap=1 Gentoo Portage Documentation]

== Internal links==
*[[Installing Slackware and Gentoo]]
*[[USE flags]]
*[[emerge]]

[[Category:Gentoo]]

Gentoo tips & tricks

2006-09-27T19:17:02Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* Rebuilding what needs to be rebuilt */

This is a collection of '''tips & tricks''' for the peculiarities of [[Gentoo]].

== Use flags ==
[[USE flags]] are the way Gentoo organizes the compile time options. This is a feature that sets Gentoo apart from other distributions. While USE flags are set during the install, you can go back and change them at anytime. If you do, make sure that you use Portage to recompile any programs that might take advantage of any use flag changes. Also, when using Portage to install new programs, you can request it to compile that program with a USE flag specifically for it. You can list them in your make.conf . See the external links below for more information.

===Tools===
ufed = use flag editor, emerge ufed, then run ufed as root

A problem with ufed, is that it organizes your useflags alphabetically, So if you added an experimental one by hand in your make.conf, it will be hidden amongst your countless others.

=== Files ===
/etc/make.conf has a use flag section in it.

===Rebuilding what needs to be rebuilt ===
emerge -pev world | grep 'gtk' | awk '{print "=" $4}'

(rac's line)
swap gtk for the useflag of you choice

The above method will work, but is extremely ineffcient. It will re-emerge '''everything''', not just what needs to be to take advantage of the new flag. Portage comes with a command created just for this purpose. If you've added a new USE flag to your make.conf then just run
emerge --udate --newuse world

== Masked packages ==
A lot of times you'll want to emerge a masked package (or a masked version of one). One short way to do this is <code>ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="~x86" emerge package</code> (replace x86 with your architecture). A slightly shorter way is to create a file called <code>/usr/sbin/expmerge</code>, with the following contents:
<pre>#!/bin/sh
ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="~x86" emerge $*</pre>
Then just <code>expmerge package</code>.
Mixing unstable with stable packages can lead to problems, so it's recommended you pick one type and use it all the time. This is more important for libraries rather then programs.

NOTE: the aforementioned method of emerging masked packages is deprecated and unsupported. please use /etc/portage/ (man portage, man emerge) This is used by:
<pre>echo "package-category/package-name" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords</pre>

== Emerge tips ==
*emerge sync -- syncs portage with the lateset tree
*emerge world -uDp, -- list things to be updated 
*emerge world -uD -- get almost everything updated 
*revdep-rebuild -- check for packages that break by rebuilding a dependancy
*'''WARNING''' emerge -U -- will break your system guaranteed

==Gentoo & KDE==
Remember - when installing [[KDE]] on Gentoo, you don't have to install every kde package. Instead, you can simply choose to install a "small" subset of them - ''for example'':

<pre># emerge kdebase kdeartwork</pre>

Prior to this, if you want to check out what packages would be installed, use the --pretend option - ''for example'':

<pre># emerge --pretend kdebase kdeartwork | less</pre>

(As a useful alternative to --pretend, you could use the --ask option - see ''man emerge'' for more information).

N.B - As of KDE 3.4 onwards, you will be able to utilise ''split ebuilds'' - this approach enables you to install individual KDE applications, without a plethora of other KDE apps automatically being installed (as in the monolithic approach).

==See also==
*[[Common tasks]]
*[[Distribution specific tips and tricks]]
*[[Gentoo and distcc]]

== External links==
* [http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic.php?t=157851 A sorted list of useflags for make.conf].
* [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=2&chap=1 Gentoo Portage Documentation]

== Internal links==
*[[Installing Slackware and Gentoo]]
*[[USE flags]]
*[[emerge]]

[[Category:Gentoo]]

Gentoo tips & tricks

2006-05-02T04:28:49Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* Internal links */

This is a collection of '''tips & tricks''' for the peculiarities of [[Gentoo]].

== Use flags ==
[[USE flags]] are the way Gentoo organizes the compile time options. This is a feature that sets Gentoo apart from other distributions. While USE flags are set during the install, you can go back and change them at anytime. If you do, make sure that you use Portage to recompile any programs that might take advantage of any use flag changes. Also, when using Portage to install new programs, you can request it to compile that program with a USE flag specifically for it. You can list them in your make.conf . See the external links below for more information.

===Tools===
ufed = use flag editor, emerge ufed, then run ufed as root

A problem with ufed, is that it organizes your useflags alphabetically, So if you added an experimental one by hand in your make.conf, it will be hidden amongst your countless others.

=== Files ===
/etc/make.conf has a use flag section in it.

===Rebuilding what needs to be rebuilt ===
emerge -pev world | grep 'gtk' | awk '{print "=" $4}'

(rac's line)
swap gtk for the useflag of you choice

== Masked packages ==
A lot of times you'll want to emerge a masked package (or a masked version of one). One short way to do this is <code>ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="~x86" emerge package</code> (replace x86 with your architecture). A slightly shorter way is to create a file called <code>/usr/sbin/expmerge</code>, with the following contents:
<pre>#!/bin/sh
ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="~x86" emerge $*</pre>
Then just <code>expmerge package</code>.
Mixing unstable with stable packages can lead to problems, so it's recommended you pick one type and use it all the time. This is more important for libraries rather then programs.

NOTE: the aforementioned method of emerging masked packages is deprecated and unsupported. please use /etc/portage/ (man portage, man emerge) This is used by:
<pre>echo "package-category/package-name" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords</pre>

== Emerge tips ==
*emerge sync -- syncs portage with the lateset tree
*emerge world -uDp, -- list things to be updated 
*emerge world -uD -- get almost everything updated 
*revdep-rebuild -- check for packages that break by rebuilding a dependancy
*'''WARNING''' emerge -U -- will break your system guaranteed

==Gentoo & KDE==
Remember - when installing [[KDE]] on Gentoo, you don't have to install every kde package. Instead, you can simply choose to install a "small" subset of them - ''for example'':

<pre># emerge kdebase kdeartwork</pre>

Prior to this, if you want to check out what packages would be installed, use the --pretend option - ''for example'':

<pre># emerge --pretend kdebase kdeartwork | less</pre>

(As a useful alternative to --pretend, you could use the --ask option - see ''man emerge'' for more information).

N.B - As of KDE 3.4 onwards, you will be able to utilise ''split ebuilds'' - this approach enables you to install individual KDE applications, without a plethora of other KDE apps automatically being installed (as in the monolithic approach).

==See also==
*[[Common tasks]]
*[[Distribution specific tips and tricks]]
*[[Gentoo and distcc]]

== External links==
* [http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic.php?t=157851 A sorted list of useflags for make.conf].
* [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=2&chap=1 Gentoo Portage Documentation]

== Internal links==
*[[Installing Slackware and Gentoo]]
*[[USE flags]]
*[[emerge]]

[[Category:Gentoo]]

Emerge

2006-05-02T04:25:47Z

PenguinOfWonder: /* Common usage */

'''Emerge''' is the traditional, and the simplest, command-line interface to [[Gentoo]]'s [[Portage]] system. Given a package name, emerge will find the latest available version that satisfies the settings in [[make.conf]], and install it, along with any [[dependency|dependencies]] it requires.

==Common usage==
If it is more than a couple of days since you last did, run:

:<tt># emerge --sync</tt>

before using the commands below. This will use rsync to updadte your portage tree. If this command fails due to a firewall try:

:<tt># emerge-webrsync</tt>

All the install commands lists the [[USE flags]] that affects the emerge; if any sound useful add them to <tt>/etc/make.conf</tt>

* Find package: <tt>emerge -S keywords</tt>
* Install new package quickly: <tt>emerge -av package-name</tt>
* Install new package, upgrading dependencies: <tt>emerge -auDv package-name</tt>
* Upgrade all packages: <tt>emerge -auDv world</tt>

To clean up unwanted packages from the system, it is usually easiest and cleanest to use this approach [http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic.php?t=148415].

nano -w /var/cache/edb/world # Remove anything you don't want anymore
emerge depclean -a # Check for sanity. This is important.
rm -f ~/.revdep*
revdep-rebuild -a

==Common command-line options==
Emerge can accept a number of common command-line switches, including:
* -p (--pretend): Given the -p switch, emerge will simply calculate package dependencies, and output a list of packages that would be installed. This is particularly useful if you are unfamiliar with a particular package, and want to know what dependencies it has. This flag can be used together with almost any others (e.g. <tt>emerge -uDp world</tt>).
* -f (--fetchonly): This causes emerge to download the source code for a package and its dependencies, without compiling or installing it.
* -s (--search): With this option, emerge will search the Portage tree for any packages whose names contain the given string (e.g. <tt>emerge -s xfree</tt> will return x11-base/xfree, x11-base/xfree-drm, and games-board/xfreecell).
* -u (--update): This causes emerge to upgrade the given package to the latest version, also updating its dependencies. This is often used together with the ''world'' keyword, updating every package that you have installed.
* -D (--deep): When used together with -u, -D will cause emerge to update '''all''' packages in the package's dependency tree, and not just its immediate dependencies (that is, it searches the package's immediate dependencies, then their dependencies, and so on). Again, this is often used in <tt>emerge -uD world</tt>.
* -v (--verbose): increases the amount of information outputted by emerge. Most usefully lists which [[USE flags]] are enabled for a packages compilation, and the total size of files to be downloaded. Used in conjuction with <tt>-a</tt> or <tt>-p</tt>.

==See also==
*[[Gentoo]]
*[[Portage]]
*[[Gentoo tips & tricks]]

==External links==
*[http://wiki.linuxquestions.org/wiki/Portage Emerge Man page]
*[http://www.gentoo.org Gentoo official site]