LQWiki - User contributions [en]

User talk:Shevegen

2004-07-25T06:45:02Z

Shevegen:

I dislike editing other user's userpages, but I felt the urge here. Could you wikify the distros please? (I think my wiki addiction is getting to me.) ;-) [[User:Crazyeddie|Crazyeddie]] 12:06, Jun 19, 2004 (EDT)

==Feel free to edit==
Whenever you can add something useful to someone else's page and the page header contains no prohibition, do it. For example, I inserted [[PHP]] into [[LQWiki:Forums#First Post: Do we want a real forum instead of a thread-mode wiki?]]. [[User:TomFrayne|TomFrayne]] 13:08, Jun 19, 2004 (EDT)

==Hexadecimal Talk==
Hey, Shevegen, check out [[Talk:Hexadecimal]] [[User:Crazyeddie|Crazyeddie]] 11:14, Jul 21, 2004 (EDT)
Yeah i did, all fine now i hope

User:Crazyeddie

2004-07-25T06:41:35Z

Shevegen:

==Intro==

My screen name, crazyeddie, comes from a alien culture hero from the science fiction novel "Mote in God's Eye" by Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle. My real name is Dan Marshall. By day, I'm the owner and sole employee of Freelance Computer Repair, a small computer shop which almost, but not quite, manages to meet its own expenses (which means I'm working for free). By night I work as a janitor at a local factory. In addition, I'm now apparently volunteering as a sysadmin at a non-profit org that's next door to my office. So in addition to my business, and the janitor job, I'm now working as a free sysadmin with no budget. :-/

==Linux stuff==

I dual boot at both home and office. My home computer runs [[Mandrake]] 9.2, but since I run WASTE, Kazaa, and play the occasional game of UT2K3, I almost never boot into Linux. (I know [[Unreal]] Tournament 2003 works under Linux, but I've never managed to get my ATI video card to do [[3D acceleration]] under Linux, even after installing their proprietary driver.

I've had a bit better luck with my office computer, mainly because I'm stuck there for hours at end. I'm currently running [[Debian]] (Woody) and I'm starting to get the hang of apt-get. I still spend most of my time in Windows. Firstly, I run WASTE there, but mostly just share stuff that's on my home computer. Secondly, I can test open source and freeware programs for customers (who, of course, run windows). But mainly, I know how to run windows, and I'm still learning linux. Also, my office monitor, which was apparently damaged in the ride over, apparently hates [[KDE]]. It mostly gets along with Windows and CLI okay, but for some reason, KDE causes it to go on strike. Maybe it doesn't like KDE's shiny-ness? I also have a smaller used monitor, but my resolution is set too high and I haven't bothered hacking the [[XF86Config]] yet.

If I could get my home box and office box in the same room, I'd make my home box a dedicated windows box and my office box a dedicated Linux box, this would help a lot.

I started out with [[Slackware]] 9.1 (mainly because it's what my friend had than any ideological reasons). After a hiatus of about a year, I installed Mandrake 9.1, which I liked alot. I still find rpm's a bit annoying though. When Mandrake 9.2 came out, I upgraded to it. This time I actually bought it, because I heard that Mandrake had fallen on hard times. I've heard it's horrible, but I haven't played around with it enough to know. (That it's still on my home machine is an indication of how little I boot into linux on it.)

I switched to Debian on my office machine, found some stuff in the startup files that I didn't like. I attempted to get into [[Linux From Scratch]], and found out the Knoppix wouldn't work as an LFS install host. (I find [[Knoppix]] a great help for working on customer's computers, but it's not a "real linux".) Installed Debian as an install host. Attempted to get [[Gentoo]] to work, but the live cd didn't detect my quite generic network card. (By generic, I mean Windows has a built in driver for it. XP for sure, maybe 98.) Went back to Debian. And there I am today.

===6/19/2004 update===
I've uninstalled Mandrake 9.2 off my home machine since I simply wasn't using it. On the other hand, I'm planning on setting up a Debian server at the non-profit org as a Samba file server, and maybe migrating them over to Debian to replace Windows ME. That last bit's ''very'' long range though.

== Hehe man you need to update your personal Distribution experience more often, month passed :D

User:Shevegen

2004-07-25T06:39:56Z

Shevegen:

Some time has passed and I am using Linux since some months now.
Debian is my main distributions nowadays.

User:Shevegen

2004-07-20T20:10:31Z

Shevegen:

Some time has passed and I am using Linux since some months now.
Debian and GoboLinux are my two main distributions, but I use compiled kernels and DSL für my older PCs.

Networking

2004-07-20T19:59:26Z

Shevegen:

'''Networking''' computers is often easier than people think. This section is dedicated to helping with basic network and network application setup. 
Please refrain from just copy-pasting [[HOWTO]]s or reference documentation. But if you do that anyway, please apply formatting or your pasted text will look horribly broken!

* [[Networking basics]] - Setting up your first network can be tricky. Here are some tips that can help.
**[[Network Addressing]]
**[[Set up modem|Setting up your modem]]
**[[Set up DSL|Setting up broadband]]
***[[Set up PPoE|Setting up broadband using PPoE]]
***[[Set up PPTP|Setting up broadband using PPTP client]]
***[[Set up NTL|Specifics for NTL:home]]
* [[Advanced Networking]] - Networking for the more adventurous.
* [[Services under inetd and xinetd|inetd and xinetd configuration]] - internet services daemons.
* [[Wireless networking]] - Setting up your linux box to access a wireless network.
* [[Web server]]s - Looking to set up a webserver? Take a look here.
* [[Samba]] - Information on sharing files and printers between linux and Windows machines.
* [[Remote Desktop Connection]] - Connect to other computers with VNC, XDCMP, SSH or telnet.
* [[Netatalk]] - Information on sharing files and printers between Linux and Macintosh machines.
* [[Mail services]]
** [[SMTP services]]
** [[POP3 services]]
** [[IMAP services]]
* [[The Domain Name System (DNS)]]

* [[Networking and USB - Some hints and notes]]

LQWiki talk:Administrators

2004-07-10T23:44:43Z

Shevegen:

I'm not sure that this will be read, but I would like to become an administrator. I have been an administrator at [http://www.wikipedia.org Wikipedia] for three months, and a [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Ugen64 user] for more than six. I have noticed many style issues (including an incomplete manual of style), and I think I would be better able to fix them if I were an administrator. [[User:Ugen64|ugen64]] 22:40, Mar 5, 2004 (EST)

----
Can a delete/move be done for [[RC-Script]] -> [[rc script]] ? Thanks [[User:Dysprosia|Dysprosia]] 23:48, Mar 20, 2004 (EST)

----
Hey you admin guys, make mini-specs for you to comply to, giving us users and visitors some basic info... one example, i think all of you should say what current OS you are using. Why? Well because people are curious, thats it :)

thanks to those who did so already before that lil post

Dpkg

2004-07-10T23:42:43Z

Shevegen:

'''dpkg''' is a tool to install, build, remove and manage packages in [[Debian]]. It is called by [[apt-get]] to actually install the packages after apt-get has resolved dependencies and downloaded packages.

dpkg is a useful tool to find out information about individual packages:

* to look at a package description: <tt>dpkg -I NameOfPackage</tt>

* to look at package contents: <tt>dpkg -L NameOfPackage</tt>

* to see which packages are installed: <tt>dpkg -l</tt>

* to search for a filename within installed packages: <tt>dpkg -S SearchTerm</tt> (to also search in not installed packages you can use [[apt-file]]).

You can download .deb packages and easily install them via:
dpkg -i *.deb

It handles Dependancies automatically.

You can even build your own deb Packages.

( Personally, I like to compile small applications by myself, as i can easily do minor edits. However, I am not very fond of compiling big things like KDE, so I use precompiled packages for this task. The only problem remains that I do some minor changes to KDE to disable some things, thats why i have my older PC do most compile stuff nowadays. Is very useful. :) )

Debian

2004-07-10T23:40:15Z

Shevegen:

'''Debian''' is a free and complete [[operating system]]. Debian uses the Linux [[kernel]] (the core of an operating system), but most of the basic OS tools come from the [[GNU]] project; hence the name [[GNU/Linux]].

Although it is a non-commercial project Debian is one of the most popular and well-respected Linux [[distributions]]. Advanced users are attracted to its stability, powerful [[package]] management and pure [[Open Source]] stance.

It also supports the most number of hardware [[platforms]] - a total of 11. As well as standard [[PC]]s, Debian versions are often used on [[Macs]] ([[M68k]] and [[PPC]]), and systems from [[SUN]] ([[SPARC]]).

Debian systems currently use the Linux kernel, however, work is in progress to provide Debian for other kernels, primarily for the [[Hurd]]. The Hurd is a collection of servers that run on top of a microkernel (such as Mach) to implement different features. The Hurd is free software produced by the GNU project. Aside from Debian/Hurd, enterprising people can try out Debian/FreeBSD and Debian/NetBSD.

Stable, Testing, and Unstable releases are available, currently codenamed "Woody", "Sarge", and "Sid" respectively. When the current testing cycle ends, Sarge will become Stable, and a new name will be chosen for Testing. Under current policy, Sid will remain Sid forever because someone noticed that not only is it named after the neighbor kid in "Toy Story" who breaks toys, but it also stands for Still In Development. Debian follows very strict guidelines regarding which [[package]]s are allowed in each version, and this is what makes Stable stable. These guidelines are spelled out in the [http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ Debian Policy Manual], which includes the Debian Free Software Guidelines.

The base system contains very little -- typically just enough to download the rest of whatever is needed for the system -- and users may use [[Apt]] to get most packages, such as the [[X Window System]]. This format allows Debian to be installed on many older computers where space is scarce, and only the packages that will be used need be installed. While CD images for Woody Stable exist, the preferred method for systems with an internet connection is to use the base system (which can be downloaded in the form of a [[netinst]] CD for Woody or Sarge), and install whatever is necessary over the network using Apt. There are several front-ends to Apt to make the job easier (or at least to help you guess what packages are named), the most common of which is <tt>[[dselect]]</tt> since it is always on every Debian distribution (and even predates Apt). Other Debian package management tools: [[aptitude]], [[synaptic]]

Debian was begun in August 1993 by Ian Murdock, as a new distribution which would be made openly, in the spirit of Linux and GNU.

"Debian" is pronounced deb ee in and rhymes with "simian". It comes from the names of the creator of Debian, Ian Murdock, and his wife, Debra.

----
==Debian-specific Installation, Configuration, Commands, and Files==
* Installation
** [[Debian install tips]], [[boot-floppies]], [[debian-installer]]
** [[netinst]]
** [[netboot]]
** [[jigdo]]

* Configuration
** [[Debian:Fonts|Fonts]]

** System
*** [[debconf]], [[dpkg-reconfigure]]
*** [[modconf]]
*** [[update-rc.d]], [[rcconf]]
*** [[update-alternatives]]

** [[Debian:CGI|CGI]]

* Package Management
** [[dpkg]], [[dpkg-deb]]
** [[apt]], [[apt-get]], [[apt-cache]], [[apt-setup]], [[apt-cdrom]], [[apt-listchanges]]
** The apt [[sources.list]] file
** [[aptitude]], [[synaptic]], [[dselect]]
** [[netselect]], [[apt-spy]]

* Hardware detection
** [[discover]]
** [[hotplug]]

==See also==
*[[Obtaining security updates]] -- Security information is available in the Debian section

==External links==
*[http://www.debian.org Official website]
*[http://wiki.debian.net Debian wiki]
*[http://people.debian.org/~debacle/refcard/refcard.pdf Debian Reference Card]
*[http://www.nl.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-howto/ Securing Debian Manual]

==FORUMS==
*[http://www.debianforum.de Debian German Forum, very good]

Talk:Set up your first Network

2004-07-10T23:39:11Z

Shevegen:

Whoever made the core work, it helped me MOST to set up my network.
A LOT better than investing 2 hours googling :)

Mkisofs

2004-07-02T00:37:46Z

Shevegen:

'''mkisofs''' - A utility for creating hybrid ISO9660/Joliet/HFS filesystems, including optional Rock Ridge extensions.

*ISO9660: A format for storing data about the files on a volume (file system). It's a "lowest common denominator" that most operating systems will understand. This is the format used by CD image files, sometimes called ISO's.

*Joliet: an extension to the ISO9660 format which allows for long filenames and filenames in [[unicode]].

*Rock Ridge: an extension to the ISO9660 format, which allows the CD to store long filenames, UNIX permissions, and symbolic links].

*HFS (Heirarchal File System): a third extension, which supports file information useful to [[Macintosh]] computers.

mkisofs is useful for CD and DVD writing, but it cannot perform the write itself. Instead, it takes a directory structure and converts it into a binary file which corresponds to the information which would be on the CD. This file can be used by CD mastering software such as [[cdrecord]].

mkisofs can be used to create bootable CDs.

Command Option
Description

-b
Specifies the path and filename of the boot image to be used when making an "El Torito" bootable CD.
The pathname must be relative to the source path specified to mkisofs.
Required to make a bootable CD. The boot image must be exactly the size of either a 1.2, 1.44, or a 2.88 meg floppy.

-c
Specifies the path and filename of the boot catalog to be used when making a bootable CD.
The pathname must be relative to the source path specified to mkisofs.

-l
Allow 31 character file names. CD will not be 8.3 DOS compatable. (Who cares! Thus use this option.)

-o
Name of iso9660 output image file

-r
Set file permisions on CD to be publicly readable

-v
Verbose execution.

-x
Exclude given path from being written to CDROM.

-A
Text string that will be written into the volume header

-J
Generate Joliet directory records in addition to regular iso9660 file names.
This preserves the case (upper/lower) of file and directory names.

-L
Allows files to begin with "." (period). Use this option to write Unix/Linux hidden files. CD will not be DOS compatable. (Who cares! Thus use this option.)

-allow-multidot
Allows files to contain multiple "."s (periods). Use this option to write Unix/Linux files which may contain more than one period. CD will not be DOS compatable. (Who cares! Thus use this option.)

-R
Add Rock Ridge records to further describe the files.

-V
Specifies the volume ID to be written into the master block.

-T
Generate a file TRANS.TBL in each directory.

-graft-points
Translate a directory to the root ("/") of the CD. See examples. (i.e.: -graft-points "/=DirectoryName/")

Mandriva

2004-06-23T13:57:37Z

Shevegen:

'''Mandrake''' Linux was created in 1998 with the goal of making [[Linux]] easier to use for everyone. At that time, Linux was still a developer's [[operating system]] and sound knowledge of the [[CLI]] was a must.

[http://www.mandrakesoft.com MandrakeSoft] (the company which produces the Mandrake [[distribution]]) saw this as an opportunity to integrate the best graphical [[desktop environment]]s and contribute its own graphical configuration utilities and quickly became popular for setting the standard in ease-of-use and functionality. In order to achieve this they forked from [[Red Hat]], retained the [[RPM]]-based [[package]] management, and evolved from there.

It was one of the first distributions to be optimized for [[i586]] [[processor]]s (and superior). It developed a graphical installation process recognized by many as the best available, with advanced and efficient hardware detection. Mandrake Linux was also the first rpm-based distribution to provide automatic resolution of dependencies, with urpmi, which debuted in version 7.2. urpmi is now capable of updating the entire distribution, installing security updates, and many other features. A graphical interface to urpmi is provided in rpmdrake (and the MandrakeUpdate tool specifically for security updates).

The [[GPL]] (General Public License) governs the development and redistribution of Mandrake Linux and Mandrake Linux is community-driven to a large degree. Non-MandrakeSoft contributors have write access to packages in the main distribution, commit access to Mandrake's own tools in [[CVS]], full bug tracking rights in [http://qa.mandrakesoft.com Mandrake's bugzilla] and the [http://qa.mandrakesoft.com/wiki Mandrake Development wiki]. Over half the packages in the entire distribution (combining "main" and "contrib") are maintained by the community. For non-developers, support is available from the unofficial [http://mandrake.vmlinuz.ca Mandrake community wiki] and the [http://www.mandrakeusers.org Mandrake Users Board].

Although many see Mandrake as only a desktop-oriented distribution (and one of the best [[distribution]]s for the home desktop), a number of features give Mandrake some advantages over other distributions on servers. Successful cases of the use of Mandrake in business settings (in both desktop and server roles) are documented at [http://mandrakebizcases.com/ this site].

Distributions similar to Mandrake include:

*[[Red Hat]]
*[[SuSE]]
*[[Lorma]]
*[[Libranet]]

==Latest major release==
The latest major release of Mandrakelinux is '''Mandrakelinux 10'''. You can find out more information about this in the [http://www.mandrakelinux.com/en/features.php3 Mandrakelinux 10.0 Presentation & Features].

==External links==
*[http://www.mandrakelinux.com/en-us/ Official website]
*[http://www.mandrakelinux.com/en-us/concept.php3 Further information]
*[http://www.madpenguin.org/cms/html/47/1040.html Mandrake 10 review] - from Madpenguin.org

[[WikiVersion]]

ShellScripts

2004-06-23T13:55:38Z

Shevegen:

== Tonka Script ==
( changes your console to some other colours )

#!/bin/bash

function tonka {

# Named "Tonka" because of the colour scheme

local WHITE="\[\033[1;37m\]"
local LIGHT_BLUE="\[\033[1;34m\]"
local YELLOW="\[\033[1;33m\]"
local NO_COLOUR="\[\033[0m\]"

case $TERM in
xterm*|rxvt*)
TITLEBAR='\[\033]0;\u@\h:\w\007\]'
;;
*)
TITLEBAR=""
;;
esac

PS1="$TITLEBAR\
$YELLOW-$LIGHT_BLUE-(\
$YELLOW\u$LIGHT_BLUE@$YELLOW\h\
$LIGHT_BLUE)-(\
$YELLOW\$PWD\
$LIGHT_BLUE)-$YELLOW-\
\n\
$YELLOW-$LIGHT_BLUE-(\
$YELLOW\$(date +%H%M)$LIGHT_BLUE:$YELLOW\$(date \"+%a,%d %b %y\")\
$LIGHT_BLUE:$WHITE\\$ $LIGHT_BLUE)-$YELLOW-$NO_COLOUR "

PS2="$LIGHT_BLUE-$YELLOW-$YELLOW-$NO_COLOUR "

}

_____

== Get your ip: ==

#!/bin/bash
# get ip
/sbin/ifconfig $1 | grep inet | awk '{print $2}' | sed 's/^addr://g'

ShellScripts

2004-06-23T13:55:05Z

Shevegen:

--- __Tonka Script___ ( changes your console to some other colours )

#!/bin/bash

function tonka {

# Named "Tonka" because of the colour scheme

local WHITE="\[\033[1;37m\]"
local LIGHT_BLUE="\[\033[1;34m\]"
local YELLOW="\[\033[1;33m\]"
local NO_COLOUR="\[\033[0m\]"

case $TERM in
xterm*|rxvt*)
TITLEBAR='\[\033]0;\u@\h:\w\007\]'
;;
*)
TITLEBAR=""
;;
esac

PS1="$TITLEBAR\
$YELLOW-$LIGHT_BLUE-(\
$YELLOW\u$LIGHT_BLUE@$YELLOW\h\
$LIGHT_BLUE)-(\
$YELLOW\$PWD\
$LIGHT_BLUE)-$YELLOW-\
\n\
$YELLOW-$LIGHT_BLUE-(\
$YELLOW\$(date +%H%M)$LIGHT_BLUE:$YELLOW\$(date \"+%a,%d %b %y\")\
$LIGHT_BLUE:$WHITE\\$ $LIGHT_BLUE)-$YELLOW-$NO_COLOUR "

PS2="$LIGHT_BLUE-$YELLOW-$YELLOW-$NO_COLOUR "

}

_____
Get your ip:

#!/bin/bash
# get ip
/sbin/ifconfig $1 | grep inet | awk '{print $2}' | sed 's/^addr://g'

ShellScripts

2004-06-23T13:54:01Z

Shevegen:

Shell script

2004-06-23T13:53:01Z

Shevegen:

A '''shell script''' is a [[script]] that consists of a list of [[commands]] that is stored in a text file for execution by a [[shell]]. Typical shells used to interpret the commands are [[Bash]], [[Python]] and [[Perl]].

The first line of a shell script is generally a [[shebang]], which gives the [[path]] to the shell which should be userd. A ''shebang'' takes the form of
#!/path/executable

== Sample shell script ==
Suppose you wanted to [[compile]] a [[Java]] project using 'rm *.class' and then 'javac *.java' This process could be automated with a shell script like this:

#!/bin/bash
echo Recompiling java sources
rm *.class
javac *.java

This script, when put in a file called "recompile" and set executable using [[chmod]], could be executed when you type "./recompile". It would then perform each command in turn, as if they were typed them in.
: The dot-slash is used to run a command, program or shell script which is stored in the current [[directory]] and not in the [[path]]. If it is stored in a directory in your [[path]], this portion can be omitted.

Note that using [[Ant]] to make Java projects is generally considered prefrable to the use of a shell script.

== Example uses ==
Shell scripts can be used for for automating various tasks, such as:
* recompiling [[source]]s
* running complicated command lines (for example: "modprobe nsc-ircc io=0x3e8 irq=3 dma=3")
* downloading a number of large files on a remote computer and sending a message via email when complete
* setting the latest Dilbert comic strip as your [[wallpaper]] every morning

Shell scripts can be automatically run by [[cron]].

Some have said that shell scripts have the longest lifespans of any application, especially if they are simple and effective.

* If you have some examples of Shell scripts which you want to share to help, please put them in a related Link like [[ShellScripts]], thanks put forward :)

Shell script

2004-06-23T13:52:30Z

Shevegen:

A '''shell script''' is a [[script]] that consists of a list of [[commands]] that is stored in a text file for execution by a [[shell]]. Typical shells used to interpret the commands are [[Bash]], [[Python]] and [[Perl]].

The first line of a shell script is generally a [[shebang]], which gives the [[path]] to the shell which should be userd. A ''shebang'' takes the form of
#!/path/executable

== Sample shell script ==
Suppose you wanted to [[compile]] a [[Java]] project using 'rm *.class' and then 'javac *.java' This process could be automated with a shell script like this:

#!/bin/bash
echo Recompiling java sources
rm *.class
javac *.java

This script, when put in a file called "recompile" and set executable using [[chmod]], could be executed when you type "./recompile". It would then perform each command in turn, as if they were typed them in.
: The dot-slash is used to run a command, program or shell script which is stored in the current [[directory]] and not in the [[path]]. If it is stored in a directory in your [[path]], this portion can be omitted.

Note that using [[Ant]] to make Java projects is generally considered prefrable to the use of a shell script.

== Example uses ==
Shell scripts can be used for for automating various tasks, such as:
* recompiling [[source]]s
* running complicated command lines (for example: "modprobe nsc-ircc io=0x3e8 irq=3 dma=3")
* downloading a number of large files on a remote computer and sending a message via email when complete
* setting the latest Dilbert comic strip as your [[wallpaper]] every morning

Shell scripts can be automatically run by [[cron]].

Some have said that shell scripts have the longest lifespans of any application, especially if they are simple and effective.

* If you have some examples of Shell scripts, please
put them in a related Link like [[ShellScripts]]

LQWiki:Forums

2004-06-19T08:04:26Z

Shevegen:

''This is a prototype of a thread-mode wiki 'Forum', similar to the Village Pump at the Wikipedia. In theory, this page will eventually be locked down a bit, but given the nature of thread-mode wiki, this Forum is usable now.''

==Welcome to the LinuxQuestions.org Wiki Forum==
''This section would be locked down.'' To post a new topic, click the "Edit this page" link, scroll to the bottom, and type in: <nowiki>==<Insert Topic Name Here>==</nowiki>. You can then write your post underneath.

To reply to a post, the convention is to leave a line between the posts and ident your post with a ":".

Don't forget to sign your post with four tildes (~).

==''Actual Forum''==

===First Post: Do we want a real forum instead of a thread-mode wiki?===
Please note that in actual operation, new topics would use two equal signs instead of three.

Thread-mode wikis have several strikes against them. Basically, they remain forum-like only so long as the posters stick by the conventions. As soon as a noob or a griefer hits the stage, things get hairy unless they are watched like a hawk by mods. There is a lot of confusion about how to start a new thread, how to reply to a post. People forget to sign, signatures can be forged trivially (although they can be checked by looking at the changelog- but who has time for that?) Posts can be edited by third parties. Somebody could post in the middle of someone else's post. Thread-mode wikis are good enough for a commentary on a article - for the most part. But for something as heavily used as this forum is liable to be, we would probably be better off with an actual forum.

The main argument against having an actual forum is if they would have too much of a drain on system resources - including the admins' time. Not being a webmin myself, I'm not qualified to answer that question.

Let me know what you think. [[User:Crazyeddie|Crazyeddie]] 01:21, Jun 19, 2004 (EDT)

Yes, for sure - i love forums. Dont get me wrong, i LOVE wiki's BUT i am also an avid forum user. I think the best wiki would be a wiki+Forum in a PHP manner. A wiki rules for FAQs and other things like knowledgebase BUT a forum is the best way to solve your problems. (this linux wiki is my favorite linux wiki btw, coming 2nd is a german wiki )
We could have a forum, and then we can additionally extract helpful info from the forum into the wiki.
A forum is also nice - btw :) - to get in contact with other people, about their experience etc. (I am _just_ referring to the topic of LINUX, not about political things etc. In a Linux Forum i am mostly interested in chatting about Linux, and secondarily about other Linux users like crazy eddie and their experiences :)
feel free to delete my post if there is a forum! i know its a bit messy
one last note, i dont think its necessary to invest much of your time into MODERATING a forum... let it flow, it will work (at least it worked for me and my friends, we can even edit and delete each other's post, but somehow we dont, rarely if there are some annoying errors hehe... but then we even use word censors to include our own typos .. much easier ... PHP Forum of course btw :)
- shevegen

LQWiki:Forums

2004-06-19T08:03:28Z

Shevegen:

''This is a prototype of a thread-mode wiki 'Forum', similar to the Village Pump at the Wikipedia. In theory, this page will eventually be locked down a bit, but given the nature of thread-mode wiki, this Forum is usable now.''

==Welcome to the LinuxQuestions.org Wiki Forum==
''This section would be locked down.'' To post a new topic, click the "Edit this page" link, scroll to the bottom, and type in: <nowiki>==<Insert Topic Name Here>==</nowiki>. You can then write your post underneath.

To reply to a post, the convention is to leave a line between the posts and ident your post with a ":".

Don't forget to sign your post with four tildes (~).

==''Actual Forum''==

===First Post: Do we want a real forum instead of a thread-mode wiki?===
Please note that in actual operation, new topics would use two equal signs instead of three.

Thread-mode wikis have several strikes against them. Basically, they remain forum-like only so long as the posters stick by the conventions. As soon as a noob or a griefer hits the stage, things get hairy unless they are watched like a hawk by mods. There is a lot of confusion about how to start a new thread, how to reply to a post. People forget to sign, signatures can be forged trivially (although they can be checked by looking at the changelog- but who has time for that?) Posts can be edited by third parties. Somebody could post in the middle of someone else's post. Thread-mode wikis are good enough for a commentary on a article - for the most part. But for something as heavily used as this forum is liable to be, we would probably be better off with an actual forum.

The main argument against having an actual forum is if they would have too much of a drain on system resources - including the admins' time. Not being a webmin myself, I'm not qualified to answer that question.

Let me know what you think. [[User:Crazyeddie|Crazyeddie]] 01:21, Jun 19, 2004 (EDT)

Yes, for sure.
Dont get me wrong, i LOVE wiki's BUT i am also an avid forum user. I think the best wiki would be a wiki+Forum in a PHP manner. A wiki rules for FAQs and other things like knowledgebase BUT a forum is the best way to solve your problems.
We could have a forum, and then we can additionally extract helpful info from the forum into the wiki.
A forum is also nice - btw :) - to get in contact with other people, about their experience etc. (I am _just_ referring to the topic of LINUX, not about political things etc. In a Linux Forum i am mostly interested in chatting about Linux, and secondarily about other Linux users like crazy eddie and their experiences :)
feel free to delete my post if there is a forum! i know its a bit messy
one last note, i dont think its necessary to invest much of your time into MODERATING a forum... let it flow, it will work (at least it worked for me and my friends, we can even edit and delete each other's post, but somehow we dont, rarely if there are some annoying errors hehe... but then we even use word censors to include our own typos .. much easier ... PHP Forum of course btw :)
- shevegen

LQWiki:Forums

2004-06-19T08:02:06Z

Shevegen:

''This is a prototype of a thread-mode wiki 'Forum', similar to the Village Pump at the Wikipedia. In theory, this page will eventually be locked down a bit, but given the nature of thread-mode wiki, this Forum is usable now.''

==Welcome to the LinuxQuestions.org Wiki Forum==
''This section would be locked down.'' To post a new topic, click the "Edit this page" link, scroll to the bottom, and type in: <nowiki>==<Insert Topic Name Here>==</nowiki>. You can then write your post underneath.

To reply to a post, the convention is to leave a line between the posts and ident your post with a ":".

Don't forget to sign your post with four tildes (~).

==''Actual Forum''==

===First Post: Do we want a real forum instead of a thread-mode wiki?===
Please note that in actual operation, new topics would use two equal signs instead of three.

Thread-mode wikis have several strikes against them. Basically, they remain forum-like only so long as the posters stick by the conventions. As soon as a noob or a griefer hits the stage, things get hairy unless they are watched like a hawk by mods. There is a lot of confusion about how to start a new thread, how to reply to a post. People forget to sign, signatures can be forged trivially (although they can be checked by looking at the changelog- but who has time for that?) Posts can be edited by third parties. Somebody could post in the middle of someone else's post. Thread-mode wikis are good enough for a commentary on a article - for the most part. But for something as heavily used as this forum is liable to be, we would probably be better off with an actual forum.

The main argument against having an actual forum is if they would have too much of a drain on system resources - including the admins' time. Not being a webmin myself, I'm not qualified to answer that question.

Let me know what you think. [[User:Crazyeddie|Crazyeddie]] 01:21, Jun 19, 2004 (EDT)

Yes, for sure.
Dont get me wrong, i LOVE wiki's BUT i am also an avid forum user. I think the best wiki would be a wiki+Forum in a PHP manner. A wiki rules for FAQs and other things like knowledgebase BUT a forum is the best way to solve your problems.
We could have a forum, and then we can additionally extract helpful info from the forum into the wiki.
A forum is also nice - btw :) - to get in contact with other people, about their experience etc. (I am _just_ referring to the topic of LINUX, not about political things etc. In a Linux Forum i am mostly interested in chatting about Linux, and secondarily about other Linux users like crazy eddie and their experiences :)
feel free to delete my post if there is a forum! i know its a bit messy
- shevegen

List of Linux distributions

2004-06-19T07:56:42Z

Shevegen:

[http://kernel.org Linux] is a [[kernel]], in itself not an extremely useful piece of software, but very important: it provides hardware resources management, and access to the hardware is necessary to get anything done, of course. To have a fully functional [[operating system]], some basic software is needed as well. A [[GNU/Linux]] [[distribution]] is the complete package. Most modern distributions also come with graphical installers to help with the initial setup.

===Special categories===
*[[Live CD distributions]]
*[[Source distributions]]
*[[Firewall distributions]]
*[[Embedded Linux]]

===Alphabetical distribution listing===
*[[AMSEL]]
*[[Arch Linux]]
*[[Ark linux]]
*[[Aurox]]
*[[BasicLinux]]
*[[BioKnoppix]]
*[[BLAG]]
*[[Buffalo]]
*[[cAos]]
*[[ClusterKnoppix]]
*[[CollegeLinux]]
*[[Conectiva]]
*[[Core Linux]]
*[[Crux]]
*[[DamnSmallLinux]]
*[[Debian]]
*[[Devil-Linux]]
*[[DragonLinux]]
*[[Dyne:Bolic]]
*[[Feather]]
*[[Fedora]]
*[[Floppix]]
*[[Gentoo]]
*[[Gnoppix]]
*[[GoboLinux]]
*[[IPCop]]
*[[IpodLinux]]
*[[Kanotix]]
*[[KnopILS]]
*[[Knoppix]]
*[[Kurumin]]
*[[Libranet]]
*[[Linspire]], formerly [[LindowsOS]]
*[[Linux From Scratch]]
*[[LNX-BBC]]
*[[Lorma]]
*[[Lunar Linux]]
*[[Lycoris]]
*[[Mandrake]]
*[[Mandows]]
*[[MEPIS]]
*[[Morphix]]
*[[muLinux]]
*[[Peanut]]
*[[PCLinuxOS]]
*[[PHLAK]]
*[[Red Hat]]
*[[ROCK Linux]]
*[[Rubyx]]
*[[Skole Linux]]
*[[Slackware]]
*[[Slax]]
*[[SmoothWall]]
*[[SOL (Server Optimized Linux)]]
*[[SOT Linux]]
*[[Source Mage]]
*[[SPB-Linux]]
*[[Sun JDS]]
*[[SuSE]]
*[[SystemRescue]]
*[[Thiz]]
*[[Trustix Secure Linux]]
*[[TurboLinux]]
*[[VectorLinux]]
*[[Whitebox Linux]]
*[[Yellow Dog Linux]]
*[[Xandros]]

===Family-Tree distribution listing===
*[[AMSEL]]
*[[Arch Linux]]
*[[Core Linux]]
*[[Crux]]
*[[Debian]]
*#[[DamnSmallLinux]]
*#[[Floppix]]
*#[[Knoppix]]
*##[[BioKnoppix]]
*##[[ClusterKnoppix]]
*##[[Feather]]
*##[[Gnoppix]]
*##[[Kanotix]]
*##[[KnopILS]]
*##[[Kurumin]]
*##[[MEPIS]]
*##[[Morphix]]
*###[[PHLAK]]
*#[[Libranet]]
*#[[Linspire]], formerly [[LindowsOS]]
*#[[Xandros]]
*[[Devil-Linux]]
*[[Dyne:Bolic]]
*[[Gentoo]]
*#[[SystemRescue]]
*[[IPCop]]
*[[IpodLinux]]
*[[Linux From Scratch]]
*[[LNX-BBC]]
*[[Lunar Linux]]
*[[Lycoris]]
*[[Mandrake]]
*#[[Mandows]]
*#[[PCLinuxOS]]
*[[muLinux]]
*[[Red Hat]]
*#[[Ark linux]]
*#[[Aurox]]
*#[[BLAG]]
*#[[cAos]]
*#[[Conectiva]]
*#[[Fedora]]
*#[[Lorma]]
*#[[SOT Linux]]
*#[[Thiz]]
*#[[Trustix Secure Linux]]
*#[[TurboLinux]]
*#[[Whitebox Linux]]
*#[[Yellow Dog Linux]]
*[[ROCK Linux]]
*[[Rubyx]]
*[[Skole Linux]]
*[[Slackware]]
*#[[BasicLinux]]
*#[[CollegeLinux]]
*#[[DragonLinux]]
*#[[Peanut]]
*#[[Slax]]
*#[[VectorLinux]]
*##[[Buffalo]]
*[[SmoothWall]]
*[[SOL (Server Optimized Linux)]]
*[[Source Mage]]
*[[SPB-Linux]]
*[[SuSE]]
*#[[Sun JDS]]

Don't know what distribution is right for you? See [[Choosing a Linux distribution]].

== Sites with distro lists ==
*http://www.linux.com
*http://www.linux.org
*http://www.linuxiso.org
*http://www.distrowatch.org

List of Linux distributions

2004-05-21T11:49:01Z

Shevegen:

User:Shevegen

2004-05-21T11:47:44Z

Shevegen:

I just switched to Linux, am now using SuSE 8.2 on internet and
Debian on my other PCs.

I am using Knoppix LiveCD to do ALL issues related with LiveCDs.

I will later test Gentoo and ARchlinux as they were recommended, and I will try to keep Crux and Slackware Linux handy.

If you are in Vienna, feel free to email me to

shevegen@linuxmail.org

Well of course others are invited to do so too (i regularly check only at weekends though, and at times +1 more during the week)

Chmod

2004-05-21T11:45:21Z

Shevegen:

'''chmod''' is a command that changes the permissions of a file.

==Syntax==
'''chmod [-r] permissions filenames''' 
* ''-r'' Change the permission on files that are in the subdirectories of the directory that you are currently in.
* ''permissions'' Specifies the rights that are being granted. Below is the different rights that you can grant in alpha an numeric format.
* ''filenames'' File or directory you want to associate the file with.

===Permissions===
* ''u'' - User who owns the file.
* ''g'' - Group that owns the file.
* ''o'' - Other.
* ''a'' - All.
* ''r'' - Read the file.
* ''w'' - Write or edit the file.
* ''x'' - Execute or run the file as a program.
* ''s'' - [[Suid]] or [[Sgid]] bit
* ''t'' - [[Sticky]] bit

===Numeric permissions===
Permissions can be added to a file or directory by experessing if with a number that is generated from these basic blocks.

* ''400'' read by owner
* ''040'' read by group
* ''004'' read by anybody (other)
* ''200'' write by owner
* ''020'' write by group
* ''002'' write by anybody
* ''100'' execute by owner
* ''010'' execute by group
* ''001'' execute by anybody

An optional fourth octet is used for suid/sgid/sticky:

* ''4000'' suid
* ''2000'' sgid
* ''1000'' sticky

If this fourth digit is omitted, chmod will leave the current setting. To clear the suid, sgid, and sticky bits, you must specify a 0, for example: 0755.

==Examples==
'''chmod g+rwx filename''' 
:Grants the group read/write/execute permissions to that file

''' chmod 755 filename''' 
:Which would be the following 400+040+004+200+020+100+010+001 = 775 where you are giving all the rights but the capability for anyone to edit the file.

''' chmod -R 755 *.*''' 
:Set all files in the current dir to chmod 755.
Another way to achieve this, including to use subdirectories would be to use one of the following:

*) In current working directory do:
find . -type f -name "*\.pl" | xargs chmod 755

*) Or, specify the root dir:
find /path/to/that/dir -type f -name "*\.pl" | xargs chmod 755

==Additional information==
By using the command [[ls]], for example ''ls -l'', you see the following result: 
''-rwxr-xr-x 1 yourusername yourgroup 19 Oct 22 09:25 yourfile'' 
:The first '''rwx''' is owner permission, which means that the user ''yourusername'' can read, write and execute the file. '''r-x''' means that members of ''yourgroup'' can read and execute, but not write, and the last '''r-x''' means that others can read, and execute, but not write.

==Similar commands==
*[[chown]] - Changes user/group ownership of a file
*[[chgrp]] - Changes the group of a file/directory
*[[ls]] - Lists files

==See also==
*[[Permissions]]

Cdrecord

2004-05-21T11:01:06Z

Shevegen:

'''cdrecord''' is a cd burning console command and arguably the most popular tool used to burn CDs on Linux, particularly since most (if not all) of the graphical CD burning tools use '''cdrecord''' as a back-end.

A certain amount of knowledge is generally required in order to burn CDs using '''cdrecord'''. For data CDs, it is first necessary to produce an [[ISO]] filesystem with the tool [[mkisofs]], whereas for audio CDs the audio files must be converted into the correct format, normally using [[sox]].

=Using cdrecord=

Because cdrecord needs to access the CD writing device directly, it is necessary to run the program with [[root]] privileges, either by becoming root with the [[su]] command or by configuring cdrecord as a command callable with [[sudo]].

==Addressing IDE drives==

Historically, '''cdrecord''' insisted on addressing SCSI drives only, but this has been fixed in the most recent versions. This meant that for systems with IDE ATAPI CD-writers - which is most of them - it was necessary to use the kernel's [[ide-scsi]] emulation layer. See [[IDE CD Writer]] for more information on how to configure this.

To determine the SCSI ID of your CD writer, use these two commands
<pre>
# cdrecord -scanbus
# cdrecord dev=ATAPI -scanbus
</pre>
These commands will print out the IDs of all devices in the system along with their identifying text. If the CD-writer you wish to use is listed by the first command, it is either a SCSI CD-writer or an IDE CD-writer being addresses by the [[ide-scsi]] emulation layer. If the CD-writer you wish to use is listed by the second command it is an IDE ATAPI CD-writer being addressed directly.

==Typical command-lines==

A typical command line for burning a data CD would be:

<pre>
# cdrecord dev=0,0,0 speed=8 -v -data cdimage.iso
</pre>

A typical command line for burning audio CDs would be:

<pre>
# cdrecord dev=0,0,0 speed=8 -v -audio *.cdr
</pre>

In both of these cases, the <tt>dev=0,0,0</tt> refers to the [[SCSI]] ID of the CD writer, the speed parameter is obvious, the <tt>-v</tt> enables verbose output which shows more clearly what is going on, and the final argument specifies either the ISO image or the audio tracks that are to be written to the CD.

If IDE ATAPI is being used directly, the above example commands would look like:

<pre>
# cdrecord dev=ATAPI:0,0,0 speed=8 -v -data cdimage.iso
# cdrecord dev=ATAPI:0,0,0 speed=8 -v -audio *.cdr
</pre>

These ATAPI addresses still look somewhat SCSI-like - but ATAPI is actually the SCSI MMC protocol carried over the ATA bus - so this is understandable.

==Other common options==

These are some of the more common options used when burning a CD with cdrecord.

; <tt>-dao</tt> : Selects disk-at-once recording. This eliminates the two-second gap between audio tracks but also prevents any more data being written to the disk after the initial burn is completed.

; <tt>-dummy</tt> : Perform a simulation write. If this completes successfully, you must manually start the actual burn by repeating the command without the <tt>-dummy</tt> option.

; <tt>-blank=<type></tt> : Blank a CD-RW media. <type> is normally <tt>fast</tt> or <tt>all</tt>.

; <tt>-toc</tt> : Print out the Table Of Contents of the currently-loaded CD.

; <tt>-atip</tt> : Print out useful information about the type of CD currently in the drive, including the maximum and minimum write speeds.

=See also=
*[[CD/DVD Burning]], read this [[http://www.thelinuxrevolution.net/Topics/K3b/How-To-Write-a-DVD-With-K3b.shtml]]
to get DVD Burn support with K3b
*[[K3b]] - a powerful and user-friendly graphical CD burning tool.
*[[cdrdao]] - another command-line tool that burns disks in Disk-At-Once mode, with a slightly different interface.

DVD

2004-05-21T09:58:24Z

Shevegen:

'''DVD''' was originally an abbreviation for '''D'''igital '''V'''ideo '''D'''isk, however it was subsequently given the backronym[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backronym] ''Digital Versatile Disk'' due to the numerous purposes to which the medium could be put.

Essentially a high-density version of [[CD]], the DVD format is available with either one or two ''sides'', each of which may contain either one or two ''layers''. Each layer holds around 4.7 GB of data, which gives the maximum capacity (double-sided, double-layered) of around 17 GB. Most commercial DVDs are single-sided and both single and double layered versions are common.

==Playing DVDs under Linux==
Software packages that can play DVDs include:
* [[xine]]
* [[MPlayer]]
* [[Ogle]]

==Writable flavours==
There are various types of writable DVD available.

* write-once formats (DVD+R, DVD-R)
* rewritable (DVD-RAM, DVD+RW, DVD-RW)

Generally the R/RW media has a capacity of 4.7GB.
However, the DVD-RAM type can also be obtained in a double-sided version,
which is able to store 9.4GB of data. There are currently no formats which
allow double-layered recording.

The "+" and "-" versions are competing standards, each of which is backed by a number of large corporations. The key difference between the two is the more accurate addressing information on the "+" format, which allows the media to be written to in a true random-access method rather than in the contiguous "sessions" required by the "-" formats (and rewritable CDs). Neither the "-" nor "+" formats are universally playable in legacy DVD-ROM drives.

DVD-RAM is a totally different technology (magneto-optical, rather than purely optical) and is not playable on most DVD drives.

==Writing DVDs under Linux==
DVDs are produced under Linux by a number of tools.

* [[cdrecord]], or its derivative [[dvdrecord]], allow a DVD to be written much like a CD.
* [[dvdrw-tools]] was originally designed for the "+" format, however it actually supports both. It is a lot simpler to use than cdrecord/dvdrecord.

==See also==
*[[CD/DVD Burning]]

{{msg:stub}}

DVD

2004-05-21T09:57:54Z

Shevegen:

'''DVD''' was originally an abbreviation for '''D'''igital '''V'''ideo '''D'''isk, however it was subsequently given the backronym[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backronym] ''Digital Versatile Disk'' due to the numerous purposes to which the medium could be put.

Essentially a high-density version of [[CD]], the DVD format is available with either one or two ''sides'', each of which may contain either one or two ''layers''. Each layer holds around 4.7 GB of data, which gives the maximum capacity (double-sided, double-layered) of around 17 GB. Most commercial DVDs are single-sided and both single and double layered versions are common.

==Playing DVDs under Linux==
Software packages that can play DVDs include:
* [[xine]]
* [[MPlayer]]
* [[Ogle]]

==Writable flavours==
There are various types of writable DVD available.

* write-once formats (DVD+R, DVD-R)
* rewritable (DVD-RAM, DVD+RW, DVD-RW)

Generally the R/RW media has a capacity of '''4.7GB'''.
However, the DVD-RAM type can also be obtained in a double-sided version, which is able to store 9.4GB of data. There are currently no formats which allow double-layered recording.

The "+" and "-" versions are competing standards, each of which is backed by a number of large corporations. The key difference between the two is the more accurate addressing information on the "+" format, which allows the media to be written to in a true random-access method rather than in the contiguous "sessions" required by the "-" formats (and rewritable CDs). Neither the "-" nor "+" formats are universally playable in legacy DVD-ROM drives.

DVD-RAM is a totally different technology (magneto-optical, rather than purely optical) and is not playable on most DVD drives.

==Writing DVDs under Linux==
DVDs are produced under Linux by a number of tools.

* [[cdrecord]], or its derivative [[dvdrecord]], allow a DVD to be written much like a CD.
* [[dvdrw-tools]] was originally designed for the "+" format, however it actually supports both. It is a lot simpler to use than cdrecord/dvdrecord.

==See also==
*[[CD/DVD Burning]]

{{msg:stub}}

Fake64

2004-03-29T22:50:53Z

Shevegen:

Fake64