From LQWiki

Some programming-related commands:

• compiling
  • gcc -- "GNU Compiler Collection". Also C compiler.
  • g++ -- C++ front-end to GCC.
  • gcj -- Java front-end to GCC.

• linking and libraries (see also Library-related_Commands_and_Files)
  • ld - the GNU linker
  • ldd
  • ld.so
  • ldconfig
  • ar - tool for creating, modifying, and extracting from archives

• dealing with object files (see also binutils)
  • nm - lists symbols from object files
  • objcopy - copies and translates object files
  • objdump - display information from object files
  • readelf - displays information about ELF files

• lexical analyzer and parser
  • bison (the yacc replacement)
  • flex (the lex replacement)

• debugging
  • gdb
  • ddd
  • lint
  • valgrind

• build tools
  • make, makefile, configure script
  • automake - automatically generates 'Makefile.in's from 'Makefile.am's
  • autoconf - generates configuration scripts
  • libtool
  • ant
  • jam
  • scons

• source code tagging
  • ctags -- for vim- and NEdit-compatible tag files
  • etags -- for emacs-compatible tag files

• revision control
  • RCS
  • CVS
  • Subversion
  • GNU Arch
  • Bazaar-NG -- aka "Bazaar 2", aka "bzr"
  • git

• misc
  • addr2line - converts addresses into file names and line numbers
  • as - the portable GNU assembler
  • c++filt - demangles C++ and Java symbols
  • file
  • gprof - displays call graph profile data
  • ksymoops - a utility to decode Linux kernel oops
  • ranlib - generates index to archive
  • size - lists section sizes and total size
  • strings - finds printable strings in a file
  • strip - discards symbols from object files