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C++ is a very popular programming language (an extension of the original C) that is commonly used to program many of GNU/Linux's core programs. It's often used to write object-oriented software.
Language features
- strong type checking
- namespaces
- templates
- operator overloading
- exception handling
- The standard library
- STL
- containers
- generic algorithms
- iterators
- strings
- streams
- numerics
- The entire C standard library
- STL
Examples
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
std::cout << "Hello, world!" << std::endl;
}
This displays the phrase "Hello, world!" on the screen, similar to the simpler shell command "echo Hello, world!" used in the Linux console.
Compiling C++ in Linux Environment
To compile your C++ codes, you can use g++ compiler. For more information on how to use g++, view gcc's man page.
$ man gcc
Save the above Hello World code in a file with extension .cpp (say hello.cpp). To compile the above simple code, enter the following at the command prompt.
$ g++ hello.cpp
The compiler will create an executable file called a.out. To execute it type
$ ./a.out
This should print the words 'Hello world!' at your terminal.
Further reading
Books
- The C++ Programming Language, Bjarne Stroustrup
- Thinking in C++, Bruce Eckel
- Effective C++: 50 Specific Ways to Improve Your Programs and Design, Scott Meyers
- Code Complete, Steve McConnell