Pacman
Installing packages
To install a package or a list of packages (including dependencies), use this command:
# pacman -S package1 package2
There may be multiple versions of a package in different repositories (e.g. extra and testing). To specify which one to install use:
# pacman -S extra/package_name # pacman -S testing/package_name
Removing packages
To remove a package, leaving all of its dependencies installed:
# pacman -R package_name
To remove a package's dependencies which are not required by any other installed package:
# pacman -Rs package_name
pacman saves important configuration files when removing applications and gives them the .pacsave extention. To delete these files use the -n option:
# pacman -Rn package_name # pacman -Rns package_name
Upgrading packages
pacman can update all packages and synchronize the repository databases on the system with just one command:
# pacman -Syu
Querying package databases
To query the local package database, use the -Q flag:
$ pacman -Q
and queries the sync databases with the -S flag:
$ pacman -S
pacman can search for packages in the database, searching for both package names and descriptions:
$ pacman -Ss package
To search already installed packages:
$ pacman -Qs package
To show extensive information about a given package:
$ pacman -Si package
for locally installed packages:
$ pacman -Qi package
To show a list of files installed by a package:
$ pacman -Ql package
You can also query the database to show which package a file on the file system belongs to.
$ pacman -Qo /path/to/a/file
To show all packages that are no longer required as dependencies aka orphans:
$ pacman -Qdt