Coreutils
The GNU Coreutils package contains some of the most useful command-line utilities that are familiar in all UNIX-like systems. They are categorized by their creators thus:
• Output of entire files: cat tac nl od base32 base64
• Formatting file contents: fmt pr fold
• Output of parts of files: head tail split csplit
• Summarizing files: wc sum cksum md5sum sha1sum sha2
• Operating on sorted files: sort shuf uniq comm ptx tsort
• Operating on fields: cut paste join
• Operating on characters: tr expand unexpand
• Directory listing: ls dir vdir dircolors
• Basic operations: cp dd install mv rm shred
• Special file types: mkdir rmdir unlink mkfifo mknod ln link readlink
• Changing file attributes: chgrp chmod chown touch
• Disk usage: df du stat sync truncate
• Printing text: echo printf yes
• Conditions: false true test expr
• Redirection: tee
• File name manipulation: dirname basename pathchk mktemp realpath
• Working context: pwd stty printenv tty
• User information: id logname whoami groups users who
• System context: date arch nproc uname hostname hostid uptime
• SELinux context: chcon runcon
• Modified command invocation: chroot env nice nohup stdbuf timeout
• Process control: kill
• Delaying: sleep
• Numeric operations: factor numfmt seq
Provided by
Most (all?) Linux distributions incorporate these programs from the GNU Coreutils: and use its man pages.